(1) Background: The ability to sustain attention in primary school children aged 8–9 years plays a critical role in maintaining focus for extended periods, enabling them to comprehend and integrate large amounts of information. Enhancing sustained attention during this formative stage significantly improves a child’s capacity to acquire and consolidate new skills and knowledge, laying a strong foundation for academic and cognitive development. (2) Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of an 8-week kata training program on attention and its components in 8–9-year-old school-age children, a critical developmental period for attention. (3) Methods: After excluding the participants who gave a low number of correct answers in the pre-test or created a ceiling effect, 43 participants, aged 9.12 ± 0.40 years, were included in this study. This study, conducted during the academic term, included three measurement phases and a familiarization session. Attention parameters were evaluated using the Bourdon–Vos Test, and participants were categorized into Low Performers (LP) and High Performers (HP) based on pre-test scores. The intervention group (INT) underwent kata training thrice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group (CON) followed their regular activities. Post-training, attention parameters were reassessed using the Bourdon–Vos Test. (4) Results: In the post-intervention analysis, significant improvements in the number of correct responses were observed in both the LP (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = −1.333) and HP (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = −1.644) groups within the INT group. In the CON group, significant improvement was observed only in the HP group (p = 0.031, Cohen’s d = −0.948). Regarding attention processing speed, significant pre-post improvements were found exclusively in the INT group (p < 0.001). Block-wise analysis revealed significant differences only in Block 1 of the CON group (p = 0.011, Cohen’s d = −0.522). However, in the INT group, significant improvements were observed in both Block 1 (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = −1.200) and Block 2 (p = 0.004, Cohen’s d = −0.678). (5) Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the effectiveness of an 8-week kata training program in enhancing sustained attention and cognitive processing speed among 8–9-year-old children, particularly in low-performing groups. This suggests that integrating structured kata-based motor and cognitive activities into school curricula can serve as a promising strategy for addressing attention deficits and promoting cognitive development during this critical developmental period. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of kata training on attention and related cognitive functions, such as working memory and executive control. Investigating neurophysiological mechanisms through neuroimaging and including diverse age groups with larger samples could further validate these findings.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluid restriction and intake (water vs. sports drink) on shooting accuracy and speed in adolescent handball players, a population with high sensitivity to hydration levels yet understudied in this context. (2) Methods: A total of 47 adolescent competitive handball players (15.04 ± 1.5 years) were included in this study, and the participants were divided into low, average, and high performance according to their shooting performance in the familiarization session. All participants were exposed to fluid restriction and intake conditions during handball training on different days. Before and after the training sessions, changes in shooting accuracy and speed were evaluated. (3) Results: The training protocol resulted in body mass loss in the Average Performer group (p = 0.001). Compared to fluid restriction, fluid intake (water intake and sports drink intake) post-training had a positive main effect on shooting accuracy, F(2, 88) = 34.32, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.44, and shooting speed, F(1, 61) = 4.05, p = 0.35, η_p² = 0.84. (4) Conclusions: Hydration level plays an important role in shooting accuracy and speed performance in adolescent handball players. Therefore, fluid intake integrated into training or match sessions may contribute to the maintenance and improvement of shooting performance.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of training during Ramadan on body composition and aerobic- anaerobic performance parameters in professional male 3x3 basketball players. Material and Methods: Eight healthy male competitive 3x3 basketball players were included in the study. Study data were collected in two sessions, before and immediately after Ramadan, following an acclimatization session. Participants' anthropometric characteristics, 30-15 interval running test values, Wingate Anaerobic test, and vertical jump test values were measured, and the obtained data were analyzed using the JASP software package. Paired simple t-tests were applied to pre-post changes the analysis, and significance was accepted at p

Throws branch is a sport that has the risk of injury due to the movement patterns consisting of excessive repetitions and the need for explosive power production. For this reason, it is important for the athlete's sports career to be able to determine the injury risks beforehand and to take protective measures. This study was aimed to evaluate the functional movement scores of young athletes competing in throwing branches. A total of 11 athletes (7 male and 4 female, aged 14-19), who participated in regional and national competitions and continued training regularly, were participated in the study. After analyzing the physical and anthropometric characteristics of the participants (height, body weight, body mass index and body composition parameters) Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) test measurements were applied. Trunk stability push-up test had the lowest average score of 2.18 in the test. In male participants, hurdle step, in-line lunge, trunk stability push up shoulder mobility test results demonstrated that was asymmetry. Active straight leg raise and shoulder mobility test results in asymmetry results in female participants are remarkable. The functional movement screening test total score average was found to be 17 for both genders. Also non-significant correlations between shoulder mobility and overhead medicine ball throwing tests. The results showed that shoulder mobility test scores cannot be used to predict throwing performance in young track and field thrower athletes. There is a need for studies with large participant groups evaluating both genders in sports that use repetitive movement patterns in future research.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluid restriction and intake (water vs. sports drink) on shooting accuracy and speed in adolescent handball players, a population with high sensitivity to hydration levels yet understudied in this context (2) Methods: The study included 47 adolescent competitive handball players (15.04 ±1.5 years), and the participants were divided into low, middle, and high performance according to their shooting performance in the familiarisation session. All participants were exposed to fluid restriction, water intake, and sports drink intake conditions during handball training on different days. In all sessions, a shooting performance test was performed before and after the training session and the changes in shooting accuracy and shooting speed were evaluated. (3) Results: The training protocol resulted in a 1% body mass loss. Fluid restriction reduced shooting accuracy by an average of 88.34% and speed by 14.18% (p:

Background: How exercise intensity affects working memory during concurrent motor-cognitive tasks remains unclear. This study examined working memory during dual-task cycling at the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2). Methods: Eleven trained male endurance athletes (VO_2max 49.38 ± 5.69 mL/kg/min) completed a graded exercise test and two randomized crossover sessions of cycling at VT1 or VT2 with a concurrent 2-back task, with 2-back assessments before and after exercise. Hits, false alarms, reaction times and signal detection indices (d′, c) were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Holm-corrected planned contrasts. Results: At both intensities, hits and d′ decreased during the dual-task (phase effects, p < 0.001), whereas the response criterion did not change. For hits, the primary outcome, the Condition × Phase interaction was significant [F(2, 20) = 4.90, p = 0.019, η²p = 0.329]: hits decreased substantially during the dual-task at VT2 (d = 1.21, pHolm = 0.010) but not significantly at VT1 (p = 0.074), and the VT1-VT2 difference during the dual-task was itself significant (d = 0.98, pHolm = 0.036). A planned contrast directly comparing the pre-to-dual-task change in hits between conditions supported this pattern (p = 0.022), although it did not survive the stricter Holm correction applied within that specific contrast family (pHolm = 0.089). Immediately after exercise, d′ remained below pre-task values after VT2 (pHolm = 0.008) but not after VT1. Conclusions: Concurrent cycling at VT2 was associated with a significantly larger acute decline in working memory than cycling at VT1, directly supporting the study’s primary hypothesis. This intensity-dependent pattern, observed in a modest sample, should be confirmed in larger, adequately powered studies.