The sample dimension, types of variables, format used for measurement, and construction of instruments to collect valid and reliable data must be considered during the research process. In the social and health sciences, and more specifically in nursing, data-collection instruments are usually composed of latent variables or variables that cannot be directly observed. Such facts emphasize the importance of deciding how to measure study variables (using an ordinal scale or a Likert or Likert-type scale). Psychometric scales are examples of instruments that are affected by the type of variables that comprise them, which could cause problems with measurement and statistical analysis (parametric tests versus non-parametric tests). Hence, investigators using these variables must rely on suppositions based on simulation studies or recommendations based on scientific evidence in order to make the best decisions.

We aimed to conduct an adaptation and validation of the Attitudes towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders Scale (EAFAA) which set to address the main groups of attitudes. It is composed in its original version by 50 items, divided into 4 factors: (1) work and interpersonal relationships with patients with alcohol consumption disorders; (2) the person with alcohol consumption disorders; (3) alcoholism (aetiology) and (4) alcoholic beverages and their use. The cultural adaptation from Brazilian to European Portuguese changes 22 items and the designation of one factor. The content validity index scale was 0.96. The psychometric properties were analysed through a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample of 500 health professionals and students. The confirmatory factor analysis model with the same four (4) original factors, led to the elimination of 9 items. The scale revealed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.801. Empirical adjustment indices were satisfactory with Minimum Discrepancy Function by Degrees of Freedom divided (CMIN) (X²/gl) = 3.91; p < 0001, RMSEA = 0.076 and the goodness of fit index (GFI) with 0.8. Relative indices values were normal fit index (NFI) = 0.6, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.7 and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.7, with best parsimony indices PCFI = 0.595, PNFI = 0.530 and PGFI = 0.702.

Resumo Objetivo analisar a percepção dos pais sobre as práticas de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na Unidade Neonatal que facilitaram a aquisição de competências parentais para uma tomada de decisão fundamentada. Método estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 13 pais com filhos internados, pela primeira vez, em uma Unidade Neonatal portuguesa. Os dados foram colhidos entre fevereiro e agosto de 2020, por meio de grupos focais, processados no software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires, através da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e da Análise de Similitude. Resultados da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, emergiram quatro classes: “Necessidades de informação”, “Lacunas na informação”, “Disponibilidade para informar”; “Práticas facilitadoras da educação em saúde”. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os pais consideraram como práticas facilitadoras da educação em saúde a tecnologia digital aliada à disponibilidade dos enfermeiros para informar e explicar, bem como propiciar um ambiente empático e informal. Tal resultado pode subsidiar o desenvolvimento de intervenções de enfermagem de educação em saúde para pais na Unidade Neonatal, com recurso à tecnologia digital.

Objectives: To identify the barriers that influence nurses' attitudes towards palliative care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Background: Neonatal nurses play a crucial role in caring for the newborn suffering from a complex chronic illness or who is at the end of life and needs palliative care. In the neonatal intensive care unit, the implementation of palliative care is inconsistent due to the existence of barriers that influence nurses' attitudes when faced with the need to make decisions related to newborns’ end-of-life or the suspension of curative treatments. Methods: Following the methodology designated by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-ScR as a complementary checklist, this scoping review was conducted in three phases and 10 databases were searched for relevant primary research studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish from 2016 to 2021. The data obtained through the extraction process were gathered in a table, and included the study characteristics, the population involved, the key findings related to the barriers influencing the nurses' attitudes towards the provision of palliative care in the neonatal unit and the instruments used to assess those attitudes. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main barriers identified by the studies arerelated to the absence of training in palliative care, difficulty in communication with parents and between health professionals, and the absence of policies related to the provision of neonatal palliative care. The semi-structured interview has been the most common and widely used instrument for qualitative studies. Questionnaires were selected for quantitative studies, with the NiPCAS being the most commonly used in the NICU. Conclusion: The barriers influencing nurses' attitudes towards the implementation of neonatal palliative care are identified by the scientific literature, however care remains inconsistent. The definition of training strategies and organizational policies can reduce the impact of barriers faced by neonatal nurses in the provision ofpalliative care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar clinicamente a Neonatal Skin Condition Score - versão portuguesa com recém-nascidos portugueses, verificando se o risco de lesão da pele nessa população é influenciado pela sua condição. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal e metodológico, realizado de 2018 a 2021. Na coleta de dados, utilizaram-se a Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale - versão portuguesa e a Neonatal Skin Condition Score. Desta última, realizou-se a validação de conteúdo e a estimação da sensibilidade dos itens. Utilizou-se a MANOVA para avaliar se o efeito das variáveis independentes (fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos) sobre as dependentes (escoredas duas escalas) era estatisticamente significante. Amostragem não aleatória (n=167). Resultados: Os itens apresentaram boa sensibilidade. A MANOVA revelou que os fatores tiveram efeito significante sobre os escores das duas escalas. Conclusão: A comparação das escalas evidencia validade clínica, demonstrando que melhor condição da pele corresponde a menor risco de lesão, podendo as duas escalas ser aplicadas concomitantemente.