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The paired Fluvisol and cereal samples in both the field screening and controlled experiments are reported to elucidate the soil–crop relationship for As, Cd, and Pb in relation to changing contamination levels. Significant varietal differences in plant uptake were observed for crop type (barley, triticale) and the harvested part of the crop (oat shoots and grain). When parametrizing the stepwise regression models, the inclusion of soil properties often improved the performance of soil–crop models but diverse critical soil parameters were retained in the model for individual metal(loid)s. The pH value was often a statistically significant variable for Cd uptake. For As and Pb, the more successful model fit was achieved using the indicators of quantity or quality of soil organic matter, but always with lower inherent model reliability compared to Cd. Further, a single correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between extractable metal concentrations in soil solution and their crop accumulation. For Cd, there were strong intercorrelations among single extractions, the NH4NO3 extraction stood out with perfect correlation with plant uptake in both experiments. For As and Pb, the CaCl2 and Na2EDTA solutions outperformed other single extractions and were the better choice for the assessment of depositional fluvial substrates.
Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková. Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1180 .
AMA StyleJan Skála, Radim Vácha, Jarmila Čechmánková. Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková. 2021. "Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1180.
Legacy soil data have been produced worldwide to provide maps of soil classes or properties. In this study, we joined the legacy results of conventional soil mapping with the application of the pedodiversity concept and compositional data analysis in a comprehensive spatial analysis of the mapped soil diversity within flood-prone agroecosystems in the Czech Republic. After the statistical differences in Shannon’s entropy (conventional and adjusted with taxonomic distances) over different regional inundation areas had been statistically examined, their interpretation was based on Aitchison’s geometry of simplex, rendering an appropriate statistical framework to avoid methodological bias through the use of raw proportions in soil taxa compositions. Working with tailored orthonormal coordinates enabled us to verify the dependency of the soil taxa composition on the multi-category factors of agroecosystem type and flood-periodicity through a conventional linear modelling. The supervised compositional approach improved interpretability of soil information within the Czech legacy soil maps, and hence general patterns of pedodiversity in floodplains might be effectively described in an informative and quantitative manner. The most obvious differences of the soil map diversity proved the regional inundation areas within the catchments with the enhanced complexity of drainage network that might arise from multiple sources (substrate diversity, climatic zonality, man-induced landscape alteration).
Jan Skála; Tereza Zádorová; Daniel Žížala. On the interpretation of surprisingly high variation of soil map diversity in country-wide study of flood-affected agroecosystems using the legacy data in the Czech Republic. Geoderma 2020, 383, 114732 .
AMA StyleJan Skála, Tereza Zádorová, Daniel Žížala. On the interpretation of surprisingly high variation of soil map diversity in country-wide study of flood-affected agroecosystems using the legacy data in the Czech Republic. Geoderma. 2020; 383 ():114732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Skála; Tereza Zádorová; Daniel Žížala. 2020. "On the interpretation of surprisingly high variation of soil map diversity in country-wide study of flood-affected agroecosystems using the legacy data in the Czech Republic." Geoderma 383, no. : 114732.
The possibility of an adequate use of data and maps from historical soil surveys depends, to a large measure, on their harmonisation. Legacy data originating from a large-scale national mapping campaign, “Systematic soil survey of agricultural soils in Czechoslovakia (SSS, 1961–1971)”, were harmonised and converted according to the World Reference Base 2014 (WRB). Applying three different methods of taxonomic distance computation and quantitative analysis and reclassification of the selected soil properties, the conversion of so-called Basic soil representatives (BSR) – mapping soil units providing information about soil (type, subtype, variety) and lithology (parent material, texture, soil depth, skeleton content) – to their counterparts in the WRB has been effectuated. The results proved the good potential of the used methods for soil data harmonisation. The values of taxonomic distance correspond to the different concepts and settings of the soil classes in the harmonized soil classifications. Classes with specific and narrowly defined diagnostics, often with one or few strong and distinctive features, show close distances with their counterparts, and, often, have only one relevant counterpart. On the contrary, soils with variable soil properties were approximating several related units. The additional information on the soil skeleton content, texture, depth and parent material showed the potential in the specification of some units, though the harmonisation of the soil texture turned out to be problematic due to the different categorisation of soil particles. The resulting soil classes have been presented for each polygon (so-called soil district) as i) one to one conversion, when each BSR is converted to one, most probable, WRB soil class (Reference soil group, RSG) and ii) soil association corresponding to the three closest RSGs. The validation of the results in the study region showed an average overall accuracy for a one-to-one (59.4 %) conversion and a very good accuracy (83.8 %) for the polygons presented as soil associations. The conversion accuracy differed significantly in the individual soil units, and ranged from 92 % in Fluvizems to 0 % in Technosols and Histosols. The extreme cases of a complete mis-classification can be attributed to inconsistencies originating in the historical database and maps. The study showed the potential of modern quantitative methods in the legacy data harmonisation and also the necessity of a critical approach to historical databases and maps.
Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project No. QK1820389.
Tereza Zádorová; Jan Skála; Vít Penížek; Daniel Žížala; Aleš Vaněk. Harmonisation of a large-scale historical database with the principles of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTereza Zádorová, Jan Skála, Vít Penížek, Daniel Žížala, Aleš Vaněk. Harmonisation of a large-scale historical database with the principles of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTereza Zádorová; Jan Skála; Vít Penížek; Daniel Žížala; Aleš Vaněk. 2020. "Harmonisation of a large-scale historical database with the principles of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources." , no. : 1.
Floodplains are dynamic ecosystems wherein intensive farming can meet increased environmental concentrations and bioavailability of a number of trace elements. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the partial digestion of selected trace elements in surficial soil samples (depth up to 40 cm) across a gradient of environmental conditions along the Ohře River and determining the elements of high priority, while also exploring their geographic variation. The established agrochemical testing of Czech soils provides a valuable resource to determine the geochemical differences of multi-element associations in cultivated areas (arable crops and hop fields) in periodically inundated areas in the catchment with a number of potential pollution sources. The topsoil samples were digested using the nitric acid (2 mol/L HNO3), analysed for trace elements (Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and for their total Hg content. Data (n = 130) were modelled against the sample location and cultivation using the log-ratio approach. The explanatory and inferential statistical tools (the Mantel's correlation test, PCA, MANOVA) adapted for compositions, combined with a simple spatial ranking and land-use information defined effective discriminating subcomposition (Cu–Hg–Ni) that were able to describe the changes of geochemical domains in floodplains and retained a decent representation (46%) of the entire compositional variability in our dataset. Mapping the Cu–Hg–Ni subcomposition using the RGB composite enabled to display the high-dimensional multivariate dataset with reduced information and enabled to discriminate spatial domains representing geochemical signatures related to changes in element inputs along the watercourse. The analysis of our results within the compositional framework showed a changing pattern of relative enrichment/depletion of the HNO3–extractable trace elements in which a regional contrast between groups of the chalcophile elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, and partly Cd), siderophile transition metals (Cr, Co, Ni, and V) and single elements (Hg, Be) was source-apportioned to the effect of point pollution sources (Hg, Ni, Cr, Co) as well as diffuse sources (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd).
Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horváthová. Regional geochemical zonation of cultivated floodplains–Application of multi-element associations for soil quality evaluation along the Ohře (Eger) River, Czech Republic. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2020, 212, 106491 .
AMA StyleJan Skála, Radim Vácha, Jarmila Čechmánková, Viera Horváthová. Regional geochemical zonation of cultivated floodplains–Application of multi-element associations for soil quality evaluation along the Ohře (Eger) River, Czech Republic. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2020; 212 ():106491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horváthová. 2020. "Regional geochemical zonation of cultivated floodplains–Application of multi-element associations for soil quality evaluation along the Ohře (Eger) River, Czech Republic." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 212, no. : 106491.
The main topic of this study is a human health risk assessment of a defined exposure scenario in the floodplain soils of the headwater areas of the central European watershed, with the aim of exploring both multivariate and regional data structures. Flood-prone areas are recognized worldwide to be susceptible to contamination and its redistribution. Contributions of various classes of toxic compounds (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) to human health risks were assessed in a screening risk assessment. However, due to the relative nature of our data and a high PAH dominancy over the data ensemble, reliance solely on the standard statistical processing of raw data might lead to incomplete insight into the structure of the multivariate data. Explanatory analysis of the data structure using the compositional approach was found to be beneficial to elucidating human health risk profiles and provided robust evidence that a contrast between agricultural and airborne industrial pollution controlled the whole human toxicological variation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in floodplain soils. These results were effectively quantified with the subcomposition of benzo(a)pyrene, DDT, and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (aHCH), allowing for an interpretation of structural differences in regional pollution patterns, which conferred different extents and compositions of human health risks in floodplain soils.
Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Pavel Čupr. Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1146 .
AMA StyleJan Skála, Radim Vácha, Pavel Čupr. Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (6):1146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Skála; Radim Vácha; Pavel Čupr. 2018. "Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 6: 1146.
Abandoned agricultural objects from the period of large-scale agricultural production in the socialist era represent a peculiar topic in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe, surpassing the experience of the EU15 countries or USA that have extensive and long-standing practice in brownfields redevelopment. The question of brownfields resulting from the transformation of the agricultural sector during the transition period of the Czech Republic is presented in this paper. Agricultural brownfields are the most frequently occurring brownfields in the Czech Republic (especially in some regions), but their area share is much lower, indicating their spatial disposition in the landscape. Some aspects of agricultural brownfields regeneration, including possibilities of its funding, are discussed in the paper. We also deal with geographical, environmental and historical aspects of the existence of these localities in the Czech Republic in the context of potential financial resources and possibilities for funding their revitalization.
Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horváthová. Various Aspects of the Genesis and Perspectives on Agricultural Brownfields in the Czech Republic. Moravian Geographical Reports 2013, 21, 46 -55.
AMA StyleJan Skála, Radim Vácha, Jarmila Čechmánková, Viera Horváthová. Various Aspects of the Genesis and Perspectives on Agricultural Brownfields in the Czech Republic. Moravian Geographical Reports. 2013; 21 (2):46-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Skála; Radim Vácha; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horváthová. 2013. "Various Aspects of the Genesis and Perspectives on Agricultural Brownfields in the Czech Republic." Moravian Geographical Reports 21, no. 2: 46-55.
Radim Vácha; Jan Skála; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horvathov. The Comparison of Soil Load by POPs in Two Major Imission Regions of the Czech Republic. Organic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleRadim Vácha, Jan Skála, Jarmila Čechmánková, Viera Horvathov. The Comparison of Soil Load by POPs in Two Major Imission Regions of the Czech Republic. Organic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadim Vácha; Jan Skála; Jarmila Čechmánková; Viera Horvathov. 2013. "The Comparison of Soil Load by POPs in Two Major Imission Regions of the Czech Republic." Organic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment , no. : 1.