The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population densities, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and carriage of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray dogs in the city of Uralsk as a factor of epidemiological risk. In 2024, 1213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of the animals were analyzed using molecular (PCR), serological (ELISA), and helminthological methods. Serological and molecular analyses revealed the widespread circulation of bacterial pathogens. Antibodies to additional bacterial agents, including Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp., were detected in the samples, indicating an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the urban environment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified antibodies against Toxocara canis in 50.9% of the dogs and against Echinococcus granulosus in 76.4%, reflecting both active and past infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the presence of Brucella canis DNA in blood and urine samples, while antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of the examined dogs, underscoring the significant zooanthroponotic importance of this pathogen and its potential threat to human health. Additionally, T. canis DNA was found in 39.2% of the samples and E. granulosus DNA in 16.6%. A helminthological examination using the Fülleborn method revealed a high rate of helminth infection: Ancylostoma caninum—35.3%, T. canis—32.3%, and Toxascaris leonina—29.4%. The obtained results highlight the significant role of stray dogs as epizootiological and epidemiological reservoirs of zooanthroponotic infections. This poses a serious threat to public health and necessitates the implementation of effective control and prevention measures for infectious and parasitic diseases within urban fauna.

Оралдағы экологиялық проблемалардың бірі-көптеген қараусыз қалған иттер мен мысықтар. Олар жұқпалы және инвазиялық аурулардың көзі және тасымалдаушысы болып табылады. Атап айтқанда, гельминтоздар, олардың көпшілігі адамдар мен жануарларға тән. Зерттеудің мақсаты-"Жардем-Вет" оқу-ғылыми-өндірістік орталығында иттер мен мысықтардың гельминттермен инвазиялануын және оларға қарсы антельминтиктердің тиімділігін анықтау. 4691 ит пен 614 мысыққа гельминтологиялық зерттеу жүргізілді. Нәжіс Фюллеборн, Щербович және дәйекті жуу әдісімен зерттелді. Фюллеборн бойынша қан және К.И. Скрябин бойынша толық гельминтологиялық аутопсия жүргізілді. Зерттеу нәтижесінде иттердің денесінде гельминттердің сегіз түрі, ал мысықтарда алты түрі анықталған. Альбендазол иттер мен мысықтардың гельминтозына қарсы ең жоғары тиімділікті көрсетті.

Аннотация. Проведено изучение антимикробных свойств настоев растений полыни (Artemisia absinthum, Artemisia lerchiana), зверобоя (Hypericum perforatum), череды (Bidens tripartita), чистотела (Chelidonium majus), календулы (Calendula оfficinalis) и ромашки (Сhamomilla recutita) in vitro методом задержки роста культуры тест-микробов Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus и Escherichia сoli на МПБ и МПА. Указанные растения обладают антисептическим, противосудорожным, антимикробным, противопаразитарным, дезинфицирующим, кровоостанавливающим, успокаивающим, ранозаживляющим обезболивающим, противовоспалительным, противоаллергическим, седативным и местноанестезирующим действием. Цель исследований – определение антимикробной активности растений для разработки растительного комплексного препарата. Испытуемые растительные средства из местного сырья Artemisia absinthum, А. lerchiana, Hypericum perforatum, Bidens tripartita, Chelidonium majus, Calendula оfficinalis, Сhamomilla recutita использовали в виде настоев, которые изготавливали общепринятыми методами фармакологии. Для изучения антимикробных свойств настоев вышеуказанных растений in vitro использовали метод задержки роста культуры микробов на МПБ и диско-диффузный метод на МПА. В результате исследований антимикробной активности настоев растений на МПБ и МПА определили, что в отношении тест-микробов Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus и Escherichia сoli два вида полыней (Artemisia absinthum, Artemisia lerchiana) показали высокую антимикробную активность. Зверобой (Hypericum perforatum), череда (Bidens tripartita) и чистотел (Chelidonium majus) показали среднюю антимикробную активность. Эти растения выбраны для разработки комлексного растительного препарата. Антимикробная активность календулы (Calendula оfficinalis) и ромашки (Сhamomilla recutita) была низкой, мы их в дальнейшем не используем.

Antiseptics are essential in infection control within veterinary medicine and are widely used for wound care, dermatological treatments, and disinfection. Growing interest in eco-friendly antiseptics has led to research on natural formulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of natural antiseptic agents in combating pathogenic microorganisms and their use in disinfection. This article presents the results of efficacy testing, particularly focusing on Shozan (anolyte + ozone + shungite), which demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Brucella melitensis, effectively inhibiting their growth across various concentrations and exposure times. In contrast, Shuprozan (anolyte + ozone + shungite + propolis) and Prozan (anolyte + ozone + propolis) did not exhibit significant antibacterial effects. No antiviral activity was detected against the lumpy skin disease virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, and no fungicidal properties were observed against Trichophyton verrucosum and Histoplasma farciminosum. This study’s results confirm the high efficacy and safety of natural antiseptics.

| The research was aimed at determining the epizootology of main helminthiases in cattle in the steppe, semi-desert, and desert zones of the West Kazakhstan region in various seasons in various age groups. Cattle infestation with helminths was determined using the Fülleborn’s method. Thelazia were washed from the conjunctival sac with a solution of boric acid. To detect the cysts of larval cestodiases, parenchymatous organs were examined. In the West region of Kazakhstan, the extensity of cattle infestation with main types of helminths was as follows; Moniezia expansa (14.2 %), Echinococcus granulosus (larvae, 35.8%), Nematodirus spp. (35%), Ostertagia spp. (60.5%), Cooperia spp. (55.1%), Haemonchus spp. (22.4%), Trichostrongylus spp. (22.6%), and Thelazia rhodesi (35.8%). The seasonal and age dynamics of cattle infestation with helminths is significantly affecting their prevalence in this region. The maximum infestation of the animals with Moniezia, digestive tract Strongylata, and Thelazia was observed in the summer and the autumn seasons, while the minimum infestation was in the winter and the spring seasons. Moniezia Strongylata. Cattle in the West Kazakhstan region are infested with Moniezia, Echinococcus, Strongylata of the digestive tract and Telazia. These helminthiases have seasonal and age-related dynamics of invasion. Our results describe a comparative analysis for cattle infestation with the common types of helminths in the steppe, semi-desert, and desert zones of the West region of Kazakhstan with consideration for the season and age dynamics of animals’ infestation with helminths in these zones.