The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population densities, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and carriage of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray dogs in the city of Uralsk as a factor of epidemiological risk. In 2024, 1213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of the animals were analyzed using molecular (PCR), serological (ELISA), and helminthological methods. Serological and molecular analyses revealed the widespread circulation of bacterial pathogens. Antibodies to additional bacterial agents, including Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp., were detected in the samples, indicating an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the urban environment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified antibodies against Toxocara canis in 50.9% of the dogs and against Echinococcus granulosus in 76.4%, reflecting both active and past infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the presence of Brucella canis DNA in blood and urine samples, while antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of the examined dogs, underscoring the significant zooanthroponotic importance of this pathogen and its potential threat to human health. Additionally, T. canis DNA was found in 39.2% of the samples and E. granulosus DNA in 16.6%. A helminthological examination using the Fülleborn method revealed a high rate of helminth infection: Ancylostoma caninum—35.3%, T. canis—32.3%, and Toxascaris leonina—29.4%. The obtained results highlight the significant role of stray dogs as epizootiological and epidemiological reservoirs of zooanthroponotic infections. This poses a serious threat to public health and necessitates the implementation of effective control and prevention measures for infectious and parasitic diseases within urban fauna.

В статье приводятся результаты экономической оценки производства говядины при интенсивном выращивании чистопородных телок черно-пестрой породы (I группа), её помесей первого поколения с голштинами (II группа ½ голштин ×1/2 черно-пестрая) и второго поколения (III группа ¾ голштин ×1/4 черно-пестрая). Установлено, что чистопородные телки I группы отличались большей на 176,1 руб. (2,69%) и 318,0 руб. (4,97%) себестоимостью 1 ц прироста живой массы, чем помеси II и III групп. При реализации телок на мясо от помесного молодняка II и III групп получена большая на 1740 руб. (5,45%) и 2715 руб. (8,50%) выручка, чем чистопородных телок I группы. Это обусловило большую на 1153,3 руб. (16,15%) и 1733,5 руб. (24,28 %) сумму прибыли при продаже на мясо помесей II и III групп, чем при реализации чистопородных помесей I группы. В этой связи чистопородный молодняк I группы уступал помесным сверстницам II и III групп по уровню рентабельности на 3,87% и 5, 62%. Наибольший экономический эффект получен при выращивании на мясо помесей второго поколения III группы.

Antiseptics are essential in infection control within veterinary medicine and are widely used for wound care, dermatological treatments, and disinfection. Growing interest in eco-friendly antiseptics has led to research on natural formulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of natural antiseptic agents in combating pathogenic microorganisms and their use in disinfection. This article presents the results of efficacy testing, particularly focusing on Shozan (anolyte + ozone + shungite), which demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Brucella melitensis, effectively inhibiting their growth across various concentrations and exposure times. In contrast, Shuprozan (anolyte + ozone + shungite + propolis) and Prozan (anolyte + ozone + propolis) did not exhibit significant antibacterial effects. No antiviral activity was detected against the lumpy skin disease virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, and no fungicidal properties were observed against Trichophyton verrucosum and Histoplasma farciminosum. This study’s results confirm the high efficacy and safety of natural antiseptics.

With the increase in production and processing industries, as well as the extraction of minerals in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it leads to pollution of the environment, ecology, wildlife and water resources of our country. All production capacities in agriculture and animal husbandry require water resources. As part of the research work, diagnostics were carried out on the content of salts of heavy metals and radioactive substances in the water bodies of the West Kazakhstan region, where they originate with transboundary rivers and an oil and gas field (KPO) is being produced. To carry out our research work, samples of fish products were taken from 15 reservoirs and 3 objects of domestic trade for laboratory testing for the content of salts of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and radionuclides (Sr-90, Cs 134). Radioactive substances accumulate in the bones and muscles of fish, and subsequently enter the human body through ingestion. The risk of developing adverse effects on human health depends on the radiation dose. If the radiation dose is low, or if exposure occurs over a long period of time, the risk is much lower as the human body repairs damaged cells and molecules. Lead and cadmium harm the human nervous system and its mental development, it can cause kidney damage and lead to bone disease. It is necessary to constantly monitor the content of salts of heavy metals and radionuclides in fish and livestock products, since safe products are a guarantee of public health.

В статье приводятся показатели живой массы, прироста и относительной скорости роста коров первотелок черно-пестрой породы, сверстниц голштинской породы немецкой селекции, голштинов голландской селекции, помесей ½ голштин немецкой селекции х ½ черно-пестрая, помесей ½ голштин голландской селекции х ½ черно-пестрая. Установлено, что за счет эффекта скрещивания помесные голштинские животные IV и V групп превосходили чистопородных сверстников черно-пестрой породы I группы по живой массе в начале эксперимента на 29,67 кг (6,29%, Р<0,01). Характерно, что первотелки голштинской породы голландской селекции III группы, уступая в живой массе в начале эксперимента сверстникам голштинской породы немецкой селекции II группы, превосходили чистопородных животных черно-пестрой породы I группы по своему уровню на 36,33 кг (7,71 %, Р<0,05). Полученные данные и их анализ свидетельствуют о том, что ранг распределения коров-первотелок опытных групп по живой массе, установленный в начале эксперимента, также был отмечен в конце исследования. Полученные данные по межгрупповым различиям по живой массе в конце опыта обусловлены во многом наряду с разным её уровнем в начале опыта неодинаковой величиной её абсолютного прироста в период наблюдений. При этом лидирующее положение по уровню валового прироста живой массы занимали коровы-первотелки голштинской породы немецкой селекции II группы.