Background and Aim: The use of plant-based medicine in treating and preventing fish disease has become increasingly popular due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to chemicals widely used in aquaculture. This study explored the vulnerary effect of botanical medicines made from local raw materials (greater celandine [Chelidonium majus L.], St. John's wort [Hypericum perforatum L.], and bur beggar-ticks [Bidens tripartita L.]) in the treatment of sturgeon bacterial pathologies in a controlled environment. Materials and Methods: The vulnerary activity of herbal infusions was studied on spontaneously infected fish by assessing the degree of wound healing at regular intervals: The state of the wound, reduction of the wound surface area, the formation of granulation tissue, epithelization, and wound contraction. Results: A positive vulnerary effect of C. majus, H. perforatum, and B. tripartita was observed, consistent with the use of these plants in folk and traditional medicine. The plant materials eliminated infection, had anti-inflammatory and vulnerary effects, stimulated granulation tissue development, and enhanced regeneration. Compared with widely accepted methods (antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents), botanical medicine facilitated more effective treatment over the same period without side effects. Conclusion: Practical use and the results of this study show the potential of using herbal infusions for therapeutic purposes in aquaculture.

Many antimicrobial substances, mainly of chemical origin, are not effective and reliable. Many of them tend to accumulate in organs and tissues and have allergic and toxicological effects and side effects. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the antibacterial effect of Artemisia lerchiana against other herbal preparations. A. lerchiana was used in the form of an infusion and essential oil extract to fulfill the set goal and objectives. For comparative analysis, tinctures of A. absinthium, Calendula officinalis L., and Chamomilla recutita L., as well as preparations based on Abies Sibirica, Eucalyptus, Limon, Bergamottae, Melaleuca alternifolia, and A. absinthium essential oils were used. As a test standard for comparing antibacterial properties, we used the Septarius chemical preparation manufactured at a biofactory. The experiment was carried out in vitro using test microbes of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results of the study showed that A. lerchiana had a high antibacterial effect against gram-positive test microbes (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). The most effective form was A. lerchiana in the form of essential oil, which had an antibacterial effect even in low concentrations. A comparative assessment of A. lerchiana with the Septarius test antiseptic showed that A. lerchiana had a similar effect in general. In the form of essential oil, it even surpassed the effect of Septarius. It was found that A. lerchiana surpassed medicinal plants used in the experiment in terms of antibacterial effect. The obtained results of the study will be useful for scientists researching various medicinal products of plant origin and for veterinary specialists looking for therapeutic and preventive measures.

The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population densities, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and carriage of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray dogs in the city of Uralsk as a factor of epidemiological risk. In 2024, 1213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of the animals were analyzed using molecular (PCR), serological (ELISA), and helminthological methods. Serological and molecular analyses revealed the widespread circulation of bacterial pathogens. Antibodies to additional bacterial agents, including Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp., were detected in the samples, indicating an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the urban environment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified antibodies against Toxocara canis in 50.9% of the dogs and against Echinococcus granulosus in 76.4%, reflecting both active and past infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the presence of Brucella canis DNA in blood and urine samples, while antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of the examined dogs, underscoring the significant zooanthroponotic importance of this pathogen and its potential threat to human health. Additionally, T. canis DNA was found in 39.2% of the samples and E. granulosus DNA in 16.6%. A helminthological examination using the Fülleborn method revealed a high rate of helminth infection: Ancylostoma caninum—35.3%, T. canis—32.3%, and Toxascaris leonina—29.4%. The obtained results highlight the significant role of stray dogs as epizootiological and epidemiological reservoirs of zooanthroponotic infections. This poses a serious threat to public health and necessitates the implementation of effective control and prevention measures for infectious and parasitic diseases within urban fauna.

Investigating the infestation of opisthorchiasis in domestic animals can help identify areas with high infection rates and develop targeted control measures to reduce transmission. The work aimed to study the opisthorchiasis infestation in domesticated carnivores (dogs and cats), fish of the Cyprinidae family, and mollusks to identify their infestation status. The study was carried out in the coastal villages of the Ural River in the West Kazakhstan region in 2021-2022. It was found that the infestation extensity of Opisthorchis felineus infestation averaged 89.7% and the infestation intensity was 19.6±1.6 units/animal in dogs and 97.9% and 34.4±2.9 units/animal in cats, respectively. A high fish infestation by O. felineus metacercariae in the family Cyprinidae was noted. The infestation extensity and infestation intensity averaged 70.4% and 22.6 metacercariae/specimen, respectively. The maximum infestation rates were recorded in the ide. During the study of fish infestation with Opisthorchis metacercariae, an increase in infestation with age was found. The maximum infestation intensity in ide reached 340 metacercariae per specimen at 3 years. The population density of mollusks of the genus Bithyniidae in the reservoirs of the middle Urals basin was 5.1 specimens/m² and the infestation with O. felineus cercariae was 5.7%. The epizootological conditions of the middle Urals basin were unfavorable concerning the opisthorchiasis infestation. In the coastal settlements of the Ural River, domesticated carnivores are infested with O. felineus. In the reservoirs of the middle Urals basin, fish from the family Cyprinidae and mollusks and the genus Bithyniidae are infested with Opistorchis larvae.

This study assessed the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole effect on the main indicators of the quality of sheep meat obtained from infected and deworming animals. A total of 20 heads of Akzhaik meat and wool sheep (i.e. 2 years of age, of different sex) were used in a 20-day experiment and 2 groups of 10 heads were formed (n = 4). The sheep were fed with the basic diet (i.e. control, group CON), without adding anything, and the second group was fed the basic diet orally with the addition of a dose of 1.2 g / head (an experimental group). At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter was carried out from each group in order to study the biochemical composition of meat and its quality. The anthelmintic feed additive albendazole did not have a significant effect on the indicators (organoleptic and physicochemical) of meat quality (P> 0.04). However, the ratio of fat and ash in the meat of the control group has differences in indicators and is reduced by 24.81% and 0.03%, respectively. The drug had a significant effect on the biological value of meat in the experimental group, where there is a higher content of essential amino acids (P = 0.06), nonessential (P = 0.05) concentrations in comparison with the CON groups. The results obtained show that the meat of the experimental groups of sheep, when using the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole, did not have a significant effect on organoleptic parameters, but significantly positively influenced the metabolism, live weight gain and biological value of meat.

The frequent spread of intestinal worms among carnivorous animals is found in a number of diseases that are dangerous to the human body. Intestinal worming infection rates are high among stray cats and dogs as well as domesticated animals. In the research work, studies were conducted to differentiate intestinal worming in cats brought in from micro-districts of Uralsk, West Kazakhstan region. The results of the studies determined the extent of intestinal worming among cats, their species composition, seasonal dynamics of infections and the level of the age of the disease. The city of Uralsk revealed a widespread of cat helminth infections. (IE- 36.1%). By intestinal helminth infestation, the primary toxocariasis Toxocara mystax) is 19,7%, and by spread toxocariasis (Toxascaris leonina) is 12,4%. The degree of the extensiveness of infestation, depending on the time of the year, was determined; it was found that in summer and autumn, the infestation reaches a high degree of extensiveness. It was found that intestinal worm infestation in cats is associated with age. Toxocariasis is more common in 6-month-old cats. And with age, the incidence of this worming disease decreases significantly. In cats over five years old, this worming disease is sporadic.