The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population densities, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and carriage of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray dogs in the city of Uralsk as a factor of epidemiological risk. In 2024, 1213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of the animals were analyzed using molecular (PCR), serological (ELISA), and helminthological methods. Serological and molecular analyses revealed the widespread circulation of bacterial pathogens. Antibodies to additional bacterial agents, including Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp., were detected in the samples, indicating an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the urban environment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified antibodies against Toxocara canis in 50.9% of the dogs and against Echinococcus granulosus in 76.4%, reflecting both active and past infections. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the presence of Brucella canis DNA in blood and urine samples, while antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of the examined dogs, underscoring the significant zooanthroponotic importance of this pathogen and its potential threat to human health. Additionally, T. canis DNA was found in 39.2% of the samples and E. granulosus DNA in 16.6%. A helminthological examination using the Fülleborn method revealed a high rate of helminth infection: Ancylostoma caninum—35.3%, T. canis—32.3%, and Toxascaris leonina—29.4%. The obtained results highlight the significant role of stray dogs as epizootiological and epidemiological reservoirs of zooanthroponotic infections. This poses a serious threat to public health and necessitates the implementation of effective control and prevention measures for infectious and parasitic diseases within urban fauna.

Many antimicrobial substances, mainly of chemical origin, are not effective and reliable. Many of them tend to accumulate in organs and tissues and have allergic and toxicological effects and side effects. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the antibacterial effect of Artemisia lerchiana against other herbal preparations. A. lerchiana was used in the form of an infusion and essential oil extract to fulfill the set goal and objectives. For comparative analysis, tinctures of A. absinthium, Calendula officinalis L., and Chamomilla recutita L., as well as preparations based on Abies Sibirica, Eucalyptus, Limon, Bergamottae, Melaleuca alternifolia, and A. absinthium essential oils were used. As a test standard for comparing antibacterial properties, we used the Septarius chemical preparation manufactured at a biofactory. The experiment was carried out in vitro using test microbes of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results of the study showed that A. lerchiana had a high antibacterial effect against gram-positive test microbes (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). The most effective form was A. lerchiana in the form of essential oil, which had an antibacterial effect even in low concentrations. A comparative assessment of A. lerchiana with the Septarius test antiseptic showed that A. lerchiana had a similar effect in general. In the form of essential oil, it even surpassed the effect of Septarius. It was found that A. lerchiana surpassed medicinal plants used in the experiment in terms of antibacterial effect. The obtained results of the study will be useful for scientists researching various medicinal products of plant origin and for veterinary specialists looking for therapeutic and preventive measures.

The frequent spread of intestinal worms among carnivorous animals is found in a number of diseases that are dangerous to the human body. Intestinal worming infection rates are high among stray cats and dogs as well as domesticated animals. In the research work, studies were conducted to differentiate intestinal worming in cats brought in from micro-districts of Uralsk, West Kazakhstan region. The results of the studies determined the extent of intestinal worming among cats, their species composition, seasonal dynamics of infections and the level of the age of the disease. The city of Uralsk revealed a widespread of cat helminth infections. (IE- 36.1%). By intestinal helminth infestation, the primary toxocariasis Toxocara mystax) is 19,7%, and by spread toxocariasis (Toxascaris leonina) is 12,4%. The degree of the extensiveness of infestation, depending on the time of the year, was determined; it was found that in summer and autumn, the infestation reaches a high degree of extensiveness. It was found that intestinal worm infestation in cats is associated with age. Toxocariasis is more common in 6-month-old cats. And with age, the incidence of this worming disease decreases significantly. In cats over five years old, this worming disease is sporadic.

Piroplasmoses are obligately transmissible diseases caused by non-pigmented endoglob-ular blood parasites, affecting various domestic and wild animals, particularly cattle and small ruminants. In Kazakhstan, particularly in West Kazakhstan, these diseases lead to significant economic losses in the livestock sector. This study, conducted in 2024, aimed to investigate the epizootic situation of piroplasmoses and ixodidoses in cattle in West Ka-zakhstan. Blood samples from 507 cattle and 581 ixodid ticks were collected for analysis. Ticks were identified to genus and species, and blood parasites were diagnosed using PCR. The study found 11 tick species, with Hyalomma being the most abundant. Peak tick activi-ty occurred in the spring-summer period, with up to 100% cattle infestation in the steppe zone. Tick abundance varied by age and environmental conditions, with the highest rates in young cattle aged 1-3 years in desert areas. PCR analysis of blood samples revealed blood parasite DNA in 32% of cattle, indicating high prevalence of piroplasmoses. Addi-tionally, 6.9% of ixodid ticks tested positive for piroplasmoses pathogens, confirming their role in disease transmission.

This scientific article presents the results of a study of the reproductive ability of males of Kazakh double-humped camels (borax) in the continental climate of Western Kazakhstan. The study was conducted in the peasant farm of S.K. Sundetkaliev, Zhangalinsky district, from 2019 to 2024. The developed research scheme made it possible to study the behavior and physiological parameters of animals in three key periods: before the beginning of the sexual season (September-October), during the periodof active sexual activity (December-April) and after the extinction of sexual characteristics (May).The main attention was paid to the clinical manifestations of sexual activity, as well as the nature and peculiarities of the manifestation of sexual reflexes in males. The study included observations of the behavior of Borax, as well as measurements of body temperature, pulse rate and respiration twice a day —in the morning and in the evening. The results showed that with the beginning of the breeding season, males show marked aggressiveness and a change in eating behavior —they refuse to feed and actively seek out females. These changes are accompanied by characteristic physical reactions, such as foaming at the mouth and rhythmic contractions of the upper lip muscles. Physiological parameters also undergo significant changes. After the completion of mating, there is an increase in body temperature, which is associated with an increase in sexual activity.Thus, the results of the study emphasize the importance of taking into account the physiological changes in borax during the breeding season in order to optimize their maintenance conditions and control the reproductive process. Understanding these processes can help improve breeding methods and increase 32animal productivity. In the future, it is necessary to continue studying the influence of various factors on the reproductive performance of camels in order to develop effective breeding strategies in Kazakhstan

The increasing number of owned and stray dogs in large cities is becoming a pressing issue due to rising population density, urban conditions, and poor control over animal reproduction. This situation poses serious epidemiological risks, as dogs can act as reservoirs and transmitters of infectious and parasitic diseases dangerous to humans. This study aimed to assess the role of stray dogs in spreading such diseases in Uralsk, Kazakhstan. In 2024, 1,213 stray dogs were captured from different city districts and examined at the veterinary clinic and laboratory of Zhangir Khan University. Biological samples (blood, urine, feces) from 10% of animals were analyzed using molecular genetics, serological, and helminthological methods. DNA of Brucella canis was found in blood and urine, and antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in 57.8% of dogs. Antibodies to Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Leptospira spp. were also found. Helminths were common, with Ancylostoma caninum (35.3%), Toxocara canis (32.3%), and Toxascaris leonina (29.4%). PCR confirmed T. canis in 39.2% and Echinococcus granulosus in 16.6%; antibodies were found in 50.9% and 76.4% of dogs, respectively. These findings highlight the public health threat and need for disease control in urban areas.