Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in patients who applied with the complaint of acute gastroenteritis to the emergency department of our tertiary health care provider hospitals. Methods: 1712 patients with the complaint of acute gastroenteritis were included in the study and the study was done retrospectively from patient records.Results: Stool (faeces) samples have been sent from 1712 patients who applied to emergency services with the complaint of acute gastroenteritis for 3 years. Of these, 17.5% (n=301) rotavirus antigen and 3.5% (n=61) adenovirus antigen were detected as positive. It was observed that 56% (n=203) of the positive cases were male and 44% (n=159) were female. The rotavirus antigen was statistically significantly higher in the 0-4 age group than the other age groups. Conclusion: Acute gastroenteritis is an important health problem in children. Especially, the frequency of rotavirus was observed to be higher in children under 4 years of age and in this age group patients the use of rotavirus rapid diagnostic tests rather than viral culture methods may be helpful to early diagnosis thus to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizures in childhood, yet their clinical, biochemical, and genetic risk factors are still being clarified. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of FS from clinical, laboratory, and genetic perspectives. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 124 children aged 6 months to 5 years presenting with FS and 93 febrile controls without seizures were evaluated. Clinical features, laboratory parameters (including trace elements and hormonal markers), and genetic analysis using a 37-gene epilepsy panel were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of FS, complex FS, and recurrent seizures. Results: Children with FS had significantly lower serum sodium, vitamin D, and zinc levels compared to controls. Multivariate analysis identified low sodium and low vitamin D levels as independent risk factors for FS. In the subgroup analysis, lower sodium and vitamin D levels and elevated ferritin levels were independently associated with complex FS. Lower serum zinc levels were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. Genetic analyses revealed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 15.7% of patients with FS, predominantly involving SCN1A and PCDH19 genes. Patients with pathogenic variants also exhibited significantly lower levels of zinc, and selenium compared to genetically negative patients. Conclusions: This study highlights that metabolic disturbances, particularly involving sodium, vitamin D, and zinc, play a crucial role in FS occurrence, complexity, and recurrence. Ferritin may serve as a more sensitive indicator of inflammatory processes influencing seizure severity compared to CRP. Furthermore, genetic predispositions, especially SCN1A and PCDH19 variants, may underlie susceptibility in a subset of children. Routine evaluation of biochemical markers and consideration of genetic testing in selected cases may enhance individualized management strategies for FS.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of direct and videolaryngoscopy procedures performed by pediatric residents who had limited experience of direct endotracheal intubation and had not previously used video laryngoscopes in a normal airway child manikin. Material and Methods: The endotracheal intubations performed by pediatric residents with a direct laryngoscope and Storz C-MAC videolaryngoscope on a pediatric manikin with a normal airway were compared. Theoretical and practical training was given before the study. In the first attempt, the success of the intubation procedure, glottis visual duration, and endotracheal tube insertion time were determined. Practitioners grouped the glottis image between 1-4 according to the Cormack-Lehane Staging (Stage 1 ideal image). After the intervention, the participants scored one to ten points on direct and videolaryngoscopy (1 not useful, 10 very useful). Results: The success of direct and videolaryngoscopy of 51 pediatric residents on the same manikin was 48 out of 51 (94%) for each method (p> 0.05). Glottis visual duration was similar in both methods (p>0.05); tube insertion and total intubation time were shorter in the video laryngoscope group (p<0.05); glottis image was better in the video laryngoscope group according to Cormack-Lehane Classification (p<0.05). Participants’ rating was higher on videolaryngoscope (p<0.05). Conclusion: Users with limited endotracheal intubation experience use Video laryncoscope more effectively than direct laryngoscope in children with normal airway model after training. Cite this article as: Anıl AB, Anıl M, Durak F, et al. Comparison of direct and video laryngoscope endotracheal intubations by pediatric residents: A study of a child model with normal airway. Turk Arch Pediatr 2021; 56(3): 224-9.

Amaç: Kafa travması çocukların acil servise sık başvuru nedenlerindendir. Travma nedeniyle iki yaş altı çocukların bilgisayarlı tomografi gerekliliği açısından değerlendirilmesi oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2 yaş altı çocukların değerlendirilmesinde gereksiz kranial bilgisayarlı tomografi çekimine dikkat çekmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil Servise, yaşları 0-24 ay arası olan ve Ocak 2011 ile Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında gelen kafa travmalı 183 olgunun kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 183 olgunun, 93’ü erkek (%50,8), 90’ı kız (%49,2) ve hastaların yaşları ortalama 13.08±6.30 (en küçük 1, en büyük 24) ay idi. Kazaların 139’u (%76) düşme, 24’ü (%13,1) araç dışı trafik kazası, 20’si (%10,9) araç içi trafik kazası sonucu gerçekleşmişti. Olguların %12’sine kranial bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilmezken, %80’ine çekilmişti. Kranial bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilen hastaların 7’sinde (%3,8) frontal kemikte, 1’inde (%0,5) temporal kemikte, 5’inde (%2,7) oksipital kemikte, 5’inde (%2,7) parietal kemikte kırık saptandı. Hastaların yatış süresi 0.54±2,90 ( en küçük 0, en büyük 27) gün idi. Olguların hiçbirinde operasyon gereksinimi olmadı. Sonuç: İki yaş altı çocuklarda, kafa travmalarında bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilme oranındaki yükseklik dikkat çekici bulundu. Bu çalışma ile özellikle hafif kafa travmalı olgularda bilgisayarlı tomografi istenmesi için doğru endikasyon konulması, daha ayrıntılı ve objektif kriterleri belirleyen çalışmalar ile istemin azaltılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.