Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on various laboratory measurements, especially hormonal and metabolic parameters, as well as clinical measurements including hirsutism and acne assessment, with consideration of different PCOS phenotypes. This study was focused mainly on the correlation between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and other hormonal measurements. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 296 patients with diagnosed PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. All participants of this study underwent blood tests between the 2nd and the 6th day of their menstrual cycle. Results: In statistical analysis, a strong significant correlation of AMH with androstenedione (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001), luteinizing hormone (LH) (r = 0.45, p < 0.0001), total testosterone (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (r = 0.31, p < 0.0001), and cortisol after dexamethasone (r = 0.15, p = 0.011) was observed. In addition, significant negative correlations were found with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (r = −0.21, p < 0.0001), weight (r = −0.15, p = 0.010), glucose 0′ (r = −0.14, p = 0.014), hip circumference (r = −0.14, p = 0.017), and body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.14, p = 0.018). A weak correlation with waist circumference of p = 0.06 was also observed. Conclusions: AMH serum levels showed a positive correlation with hyperandrogenism and a negative correlation with metabolic factors, although its relationship with BMI is more complex. There were no significant differences in AMH levels across the four PCOS phenotypes or when categorized into hyperandrogenic and normoandrogenic subtypes.

Background: The relationship between low-grade inflammation and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to compare inflammatory markers and AMH concentrations between non-obese women with PMOS and controls and to assess the associations between these markers and AMH. Methods: This single-centered retrospective study involved 92 patients divided into two groups: a control group of 45 patients and 47 patients newly diagnosed with PMOS according to Rotterdam criteria. Results: Compared with controls, patients with PMOS had significantly higher median concentrations of CRP (3.902 vs. 1.038), IL-6 (4.15 vs. 2.28), and TNF-α (3.35 vs. 1.95), as well as higher white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. Median AMH (6.47 vs. 3.04), LH (8.77 vs. 6.93), and testosterone (0.415 vs. 0.317) concentrations were also significantly higher in the PMOS group. Conversely, NLR and PLR were higher in controls. When both groups were analyzed together, AMH correlated positively with IL-6 (r = 0.53), CRP (r = 0.53), TNF-α (r = 0.54), LH (r = 0.50), and testosterone (r = 0.44). In the pooled cohort, AMH correlated positively with CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Although TNF-α was significantly associated with AMH in the initial multivariable quantile regression models, these associations were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for PCOS/control status. Group status remained significantly associated with AMH at the 90th percentile. Conclusions: No statistically significant correlations were found between AMH levels and inflammatory markers in non-obese patients with PMOS or in healthy women.