The Gram-negative genus Aeromonas contains diverse bacterial species that are prevalent in aquatic environments. This present study describes three novel Aeromonas strains: A. ichthyocola sp. nov. A-5^T and A. mytilicola subsp. aquatica subsp. nov. A-8^T isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and A. mytilicola sp. nov. A-7^T isolated from mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), respectively. Genomic analyses revealed that strains A-5^T and A-7^T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with A. rivipollensis P2G1^T (99.7% and 99.8%, respectively), while strain A-8^T exhibited 99.7% identity with A. media RM^T. Together with morphological, physiological, and biochemical data, genome-based analyses provided additional evidence for species differentiation. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH; 56.8−65.9%) and average nucleotide identity (ANI; 94.2–95.7%) values fell below the species delineation thresholds, confirming that these isolates represent distinct taxa. Pathogenicity assays using greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae demonstrated strain-specific virulence profiles. Further genomic analyses identified biosynthetic gene clusters for nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), which often have roles in secondary metabolite production. Ecological analyses, based on genomic comparisons and metagenomic database searches, revealed the adaptability of the strains to diverse habitats, including freshwater, wastewater, and activated sludge. Based on the genetic and phenotypic data, the novel taxa Aeromonas ichthyocola sp. nov. A-5ᵀ (LMG 33534ᵀ = DSM 117488ᵀ), Aeromonas mytilicola sp. nov. A-7ᵀ (LMG 33536ᵀ = DSM 117490ᵀ), and Aeromonas mytilicola subsp. aquatica subsp. nov. A-8ᵀ (LMG 33537ᵀ = DSM 117493ᵀ) are proposed.

Background/Objectives: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although cisplatin is a cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent, its clinical effectiveness is limited by drug resistance and systemic toxicity. Capsaicin (CAP), a bioactive phytochemical derived from chili peppers, has demonstrated anticancer activity in several tumor types and has been investigated as a potential adjunct to conventional chemotherapy. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using A549 NSCLC cells and a xenograft mouse model. Cells were treated with CAP (50–300 µM), cisplatin (1 µg/mL), or their combination. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis. In vivo, tumor growth inhibition, histopathological alterations, and immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 were assessed. Results: Low CAP concentrations (50–100 µM) slightly increased proliferation, whereas concentrations ≥ 150 µM significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. Cisplatin monotherapy markedly suppressed proliferation and activated apoptosis. Bliss independence analysis demonstrated concentration-dependent synergy between CAP and cisplatin, with maximal synergy scores reaching 28.1 at 100 µM CAP. Combination treatment at CAP concentrations ≥ 150 µM produced the strongest antiproliferative effect in vitro and the highest tumor growth inhibition in vivo (88%). CAP did not further enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis but significantly reinforced proliferation suppression with reduced Ki-67 expression. Conclusions: CAP exhibits biphasic dose-dependent effects in NSCLC and enhances cisplatin antitumor efficacy predominantly through proliferation suppression, supporting its further evaluation as an adjunctive phytochemical in cisplatin-based NSCLC therapy.