Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types in the Latin American population, and its development is related to multiple factors, including diet. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, based on PRISMA, aims to determine dietary components associated with gastric cancer in Latin America. The dietary components were divided into food and micro- and macronutrients. Meta-analyses were performed for the different groups of foods, and the effects were calculated using Odds Ratios. A total of 483 studies were identified; thirteen articles were included after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for the different groups of food showed that daily consumption of vegetables (OR 0.54; 95% CI [0.41, 071]) and fruits (OR 0.57; 95% CI [0.45, 0.73]) were protective factors for gastric cancer; consumption of fresh meat and eggs (OR 1.47; 95% CI [1.12, 1.95]), and salted, canned, and pickled foods (OR 2.30; 95% CI [1.10, 4.80]) were risk factors for gastric cancer. Consuming carotenoids, plant sterols, total polyphenols, proteins, and polyunsaturated fats was a protective factor regarding micro- and macronutrients. Therefore, the consumption of nitrite and nitrate in meat products and capsaicin was considered a risk factor for gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent cancer types in Mexico. The primary method used as a treatment is surgical resection. The role of surgery in increasing survival is controversial. This study aimed to determine whether surgical resection increases the survival of patients with GC in a Mexican population. Methods: A systematic review of literature searches (Evidence-based MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SciELO) and meta-analysis were performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria. The published articles from 2000 to the current time were divided into cross-sectional and randomized studies. The inclusion criteria were survival, surgical resections, patients treated in Mexico, and primary GC. The effect estimation was calculated using the risk ratio (RR). The random-effects model and a confidence interval (CI) of 95% were used. Results: The RR of the pooled studies was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.71–1.67). RR of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63–1.07) was obtained in cross-sectional studies, and randomized studies showed a RR of 2.08 (95% CI, 0.25–17.07). Conclusion: This work is the first systematic study that assesses the role of surgery on the survival of patients with GC in the Mexican population, the results showed that surgical resection did not improve survival in patients with GC.

Background and Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious public health problem in southeastern Mexico. Some cases go undiagnosed or are diagnosed at advanced stages of the tumors. Borrmann classification is the method used by endoscopists to classify gastric lesions and identify tumor stage. This study aimed to characterize GC patients treated at a specialized hospital in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, according to the Borrmann endoscopic classification, with a focus on clinicopathological characteristics and survival differences. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients aged 18 years or older who underwent an endoscopic procedure at the hospital to confirm a diagnosis of GC between January 2019 and December 2024. Clinical data were collected, including medical history, blood type, non-communicable diseases, tumor type, tumor location (primary or metastatic), and details of medical and/or surgical treatment. Survival curves were generated for all patients and stratified by the Borrmann classification. Results: A total of 209 cases of GC were included, with 115 men with a mean age of 59.3 years and 94 women with a mean age of 52.2 years. Acid peptic disease (70.3%), followed by wasting syndrome (66.9%), was the most common medical condition in patients with GC. Blood type O with a positive Rh factor was the most frequent (66.5%). According to the Borrmann classification, localized tumors (p = 0.001) were observed at lower Borrmann levels, whereas Helicobacter pylori (p = 0.040) was more frequent at higher levels. The overall survival time was 18 months for all patients; specifically, 18 months at higher Borrmann levels and 20 months at lower levels. Conclusions: GC is a highly prevalent malignancy in southeastern Mexico. The Borrmann classification remains a valuable and practical tool for evaluating GC. The association between Borrmann endoscopic classification and the clinicopathological and survival characteristics may contribute to accurate diagnosis assessment and improved prognostic stratification in future GC cases.