The aim of this paper was to study the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and in vitro morphogenesis using various explants of Paulownia tomentosa to develop an efficient plant regeneration protocol. Different plant organ sections (leaves, apical shoot tips, petals, nodes, and internodes) were cultured as explants to identify the best in vitro explants responsive to callus induction and plant regeneration. Explants were cultivated on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (TDZ (Thidiazuron), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), kinetin, and NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid). It was discovered that the addition of TDZ and NAA stimulated the induction of somatic embryogenesis. It was discovered that the MS medium with the combination of plant growth regulators BAP (35.5 µM) and NAA (5.4 µM) with the addition of 30.0 g/L maltose, 500.0 mg/L casein hydrolysate, and 250.0 mg/L L-proline was optimal for callus induction and multiple plant regeneration. The study of the regenerative capacity of various explants of Paulownia tomentosa in vitro showed that plant regeneration depends on the type of explant, and occurs in both ways, indirectly, through the formation of callus tissues and directly on the explant, without callus formation. As a result of this study, the efficient reproducible protocol of embryogenic callus formation and multiple shoot induction in vitro of Paulownia tomentosa was developed. This system provides a clear increase in the frequency of plant regeneration from 36.3 ± 3.4% to 38.6 ± 2.3% per embryogenic callus from leaves and apical shoot tips, respectively.

Natural plant-derived growth regulators combined with 6-BAP significantly enhance wheat and barley growth, yield, and disease resistance.

Soil contamination with heavy metals poses a serious threat to plants, their productivity and food safety. Plant growth regulators offer an environmentally friendly strategy to reduce metal uptake and mitigate plant stress responses. The study was conducted in 2024 at the Zhalyn Scientific and Production Technical Center to assess the effect of plant growth regulators on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and wheat plants. Wheat seeds were pre-soaked in plant extracts, then the seeds were sown in plots. On the 7th and 14th days, plant samples were taken for analysis. Heavy metal concentrations in roots and shoots were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that alfalfa extract most effectively reduced the accumulation of heavy metals in both roots and shoots. Pre-treatment with plant extracts significantly reduced the absorption of toxic metals, in particular, cadmium and copper. A noticeable effect was observed when using 0.75% alfalfa extract, which reduced the content of heavy metals up to 100 times in roots and up to 106 times in shoots.

The article discusses the issues of the epizootiology condition of animals in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in connection with the incidence of viral and bacterial diseases. The study of the epizootic situation of dangerous animal infections has becomean urgent problem for our state. Each outbreak of animal diseases leads to serious economic damage and poses threats not only to the development of animal husbandry, but also to the population: more than 80% of infectious diseases are common to humans andanimals. The analysis and assessment of the epizootic situation on viral and bacterial ethology of animal diseases in the regions of the republic for the period from 2021-2024 has been carried out. Based on the conducted biochemical studies, it has been established that in infectious diseases in animals there is insufficient production of cellular and humoral factors, which leads to the formation of low-intensity immunity and the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases of animals and impaired biochemical parameters. Thus, the total protein content of the disease significantly increased by an average of 24.8% compared with the control value, the ALT and AST levels increased by 4.6-1.4 times, respectively, creatinine levels significantly increased by 1.3 times. An increase in the content of biochemical parameters in the blood of animals may be a sign of incipient liver and kidney failure, which may be a consequence of the progression of the infectious process and serves as an indicator of the degree of intoxication of the body