This study examined the relationship between urban spatial hierarchy and crime rates in Busan using space syntax. This research study investigated the correlation between crime frequency and Busan’s urban space structure. The findings are as follows. Crime concentrated in areas near downtown Busan. High-control and globally integrated areas showed a strong link between city center crimes and spatial usage patterns and pedestrian routes. A weak positive correlation was found between Busan’s urban spatial hierarchy and crime frequency, indicating that urban spatial hierarchy influences crime patterns. However, the regression model’s independent variables had low explanatory power for the dependent variable, suggesting external factors influence crime occurrence beyond urban spatial hierarchy. This study provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between crime incidence and urban spatial structure in Busan, serving as essential data for future crime prevention policies.

This study examines how perceived tourist comfort in museum agglomerations influences tourist satisfaction, museum agglomeration vitality, and the cultural sustainability of urban tourism, focusing on Jongno-gu, Seoul, based on the experiences of Chinese tourists. Moving beyond facility-centered evaluations of individual museums, the study conceptualizes museum agglomerations as continuous tourism environments shaped by movement, guidance, congestion, waiting, rest, and overall usability. Four latent constructs—Tourist Comfort, Tourist Satisfaction, Museum Agglomeration Vitality, and Cultural Sustainability of Urban Tourism—were tested using structural equation modeling. The results show that Tourist Comfort significantly enhances both Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality, while Tourist Satisfaction further strengthens Museum Agglomeration Vitality. In addition, both Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality have significant positive effects on the Cultural Sustainability of Urban Tourism. Tourist Comfort also exerts an indirect influence on cultural sustainability through the mediating pathways of Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality. These findings contribute a demand-side, cluster-level explanation of how museum districts become experientially activated for tourists, while also indicating that the results should be interpreted as case-based evidence for Chinese tourists in Jongno-gu rather than as a universally generalizable model.