This study examines how perceived tourist comfort in museum agglomerations influences tourist satisfaction, museum agglomeration vitality, and the cultural sustainability of urban tourism, focusing on Jongno-gu, Seoul, based on the experiences of Chinese tourists. Moving beyond facility-centered evaluations of individual museums, the study conceptualizes museum agglomerations as continuous tourism environments shaped by movement, guidance, congestion, waiting, rest, and overall usability. Four latent constructs—Tourist Comfort, Tourist Satisfaction, Museum Agglomeration Vitality, and Cultural Sustainability of Urban Tourism—were tested using structural equation modeling. The results show that Tourist Comfort significantly enhances both Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality, while Tourist Satisfaction further strengthens Museum Agglomeration Vitality. In addition, both Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality have significant positive effects on the Cultural Sustainability of Urban Tourism. Tourist Comfort also exerts an indirect influence on cultural sustainability through the mediating pathways of Tourist Satisfaction and Museum Agglomeration Vitality. These findings contribute a demand-side, cluster-level explanation of how museum districts become experientially activated for tourists, while also indicating that the results should be interpreted as case-based evidence for Chinese tourists in Jongno-gu rather than as a universally generalizable model.

This study reconsiders museum accessibility not simply as a matter of distance or locational reach, but as a sequential and experience-based urban condition shaped across three stages of museum visiting: pre-trip feasibility, in-transit experience, and post-arrival usability. Using survey data from residents and tourists across China’s metropolitan areas, the study develops a user-centred framework that differentiates time feasibility, journey comfort and predictability, and arrival/visit usability. Rather than claiming museum-level or city-level causal effects, the analysis identifies how respondents’ overall evaluations of these accessibility dimensions are structured by detailed item-level conditions and by differences in familiarity with the urban environment. The resident–tourist comparison shows that accessibility is interpreted differently under habitual and unfamiliar mobility contexts. The contribution of the study lies in providing a framework-building account of museum accessibility as a spatially mediated and socially experienced urban process, while also clarifying the limits of the current dataset and the need for future integration with geocoded museum, transport, and urban-form data.

This study empirically analyzed whether any differences exist in older adults’ motivations to use senior citizen centers based on the type of eldercare system, focusing on senior citizen centers in Yeongdo-gu, Busan, South Korea. First, the main factors influencing older adults’ use of senior citizen centers were identified through previous studies. Subsequently, data were collected through a survey. Data groups were categorized according to the type of eldercare system, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between the main variables for each type of eldercare system. It was found that the primary age group of older adults using senior citizen centers was 65–69 years, with home- and community-based care being their primary choices. Furthermore, community-based and institutional care facilitated connections within the community, encouraged social interaction among older adults, and fostered intergenerational interaction and social contribution. Home-based care was strongly motivated by emotional stability and the desire to maintain independent living. Finally, participation in cultural activities was common and significant across all eldercare system types, confirming that senior citizen centers play a crucial role in providing cultural experiences and opportunities for older people, as opposed to simply serving as recreational spaces.

This study examined how environmental expectation gaps, defined as discrepancies between older adults’ expectations before admission and their actual experiences after admission, are associated with residential adaptation in nursing homes. Survey data from 613 residents of six public and private inclusive nursing homes in Changchun, China, were analyzed using structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrapping. Expectation gaps in safety and mobility convenience, privacy and autonomy, environmental comfort, and spatial cognition and familiarity were significantly associated with emotional adaptation, with spatial cognition and familiarity showing the strongest relationship. Support for activities and social interaction was positively associated with relationship formation but negatively associated with communal-living adaptation. Residential adaptation followed a sequential process from emotional adaptation to relationship formation, acceptance of institutional living, and adaptation to communal living. Bootstrap analysis further showed that several environmental expectation gaps were indirectly associated with later adaptation outcomes through this sequential process, with some direct and indirect relationships operating in opposite directions. These findings demonstrate that environmental expectation gaps are associated with residential adaptation through differentiated and interconnected pathways, extending nursing home evaluation beyond facility conditions and satisfaction alone.

Based on the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework, this study explored the psychological spillover mechanism through which tourism experiences in Museum Agglomeration Areas (MAAs) enhance city image and influence behavioral intentions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on survey data yielded several key findings. First, information visibility, content visibility, and the quality of amenities and the operational environment played critical roles in shaping tourists’ internal states, including perceived experiential value, affective response, immersion, and satisfaction. In addition, the social atmosphere emerged as an important factor in enriching these evaluations. Second, accessibility and connectivity were identified as factors that reduce friction along the visitor journey, thereby enhancing experiential continuity and immersion. Third, experiential value and immersion were found to be the primary mediators among the internal-state variables, transmitting the effects of environmental stimuli to city-level perceptions and behavioral intentions, such as revisit and recommendation intentions. These findings suggest that the competitiveness of MAAs lies not merely in spatial agglomeration itself but also in their ability to provide engaging and meaningful content, maintain safe and enjoyable operational environments, and develop integrated circulation and information systems. By conceptualizing MAAs as sites of district-scale tourism experiences, this study extends the application of the S–O–R framework to a multi-site urban cultural context and clarifies how differentiated internal states mediate the spillover from district experience to city-level perceptions and behavioral intentions. Rather than proposing a fundamentally new theoretical framework, the study offers a context-specific refinement of the organism layer and provides empirically grounded implications for design and operational strategies in culturally clustered urban districts.

This study examines the relationships among crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), sustainable management, and residents’ perceived quality of the living environment in urban regeneration areas of Changchun, China. A field survey conducted from April to June 2026 yielded 710 valid questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test an integrated framework linking second-generation CPTED, first-generation CPTED, sustainable management, and perceived living-environment quality. Community cohesion, community activity, and social trust were significantly associated with first-generation CPTED spatial conditions, while natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance were positively associated with sustainable management. Bootstrap analysis confirmed significant indirect effects of all four spatial constructs through sustainable management. The direct-path comparison showed that none of the four additional direct associations were statistically significant, and the inclusion of these paths did not significantly improve overall model fit. Nevertheless, all four indirect effects through sustainable management remained statistically significant. These findings highlight sustainable management as an important intermediate component linking CPTED-related spatial conditions with residents’ evaluations of regenerated neighborhoods.