Background: This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between craniocervical posture and sagittal skeletal malocclusions, focusing on cervical curvature, head posture, and the influence of skeletal classification on craniofacial development. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2015 and January 2025. Studies meeting the PICOS criteria, which assessed craniocervical posture in individuals with skeletal Class I, II, or III malocclusions, were included. A total of 12 studies were reviewed and analyzed for relevant data. Results: Significant correlations were identified between sagittal skeletal malocclusions and craniocervical posture, particularly cervical curvature. Class II malocclusion was associated with increased cervical curvature and forward head posture, whereas Class III malocclusion was linked to straighter cervical columns and a more posterior head position. Variations in cervical vertebral morphology were also observed, especially in relation to head posture and craniofacial structure. However, considerable heterogeneity was noted among studies regarding sample populations, measurement techniques, and classification criteria. Conclusions: This review highlights a strong interrelationship between craniocervical posture and sagittal skeletal classification, with potential clinical implications for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and improve orthodontic management strategies.

Aim: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in pediatric dentistry, comparing it with other restorative techniques, analyzing material performance, assessing cost-effectiveness, and exploring the long-term success in managing dental caries. Background: ART is a minimally invasive approach that removes decayed tissue using hand instruments and restores teeth with adhesive materials like glass ionomer cement (GIC). ART is particularly valuable in pediatric dentistry due to its simplicity, reduced discomfort, and suitability for resource-limited settings. It eliminates the need for anesthesia and expensive dental equipment, making it accessible in remote and underserved areas. Studies have shown its effectiveness in providing durable restorations while improving patient comfort. Materials and Methods: This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published in the last ten years. The inclusion criteria included in vivo studies on children, randomized controlled trials, and case–control studies assessing ART’s effectiveness. Quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. ART effectively managed dental caries, especially with high-viscosity GIC. Comparisons with the Hall Technique and Papacarie showed that ART remains a viable, cost-effective option. Conclusions: ART is a reliable, minimally invasive technique for pediatric restorative dentistry. Its accessibility and cost-effectiveness make it suitable for low-resource settings. High-quality materials and technique modifications further enhance restoration longevity.

This systematic review evaluates the clinical effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) in periodontal therapy, oral surgery, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Background. HA, a biocompatible glycosaminoglycan with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, is increasingly used in dentistry to enhance healing, reduce pain, and support periodontal regeneration. However, its efficacy compared to conventional treatments remains debated. Materials and Methods. A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (2015–2025). Twenty-one clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies, were analyzed for outcomes related to pain reduction, tissue regeneration, and functional recovery. HA improved clinical attachment levels, reduced probing depth, and enhanced wound healing in periodontal therapy and oral surgery. It accelerated healing after extractions and frenectomies. However, TMJ disorder studies showed mixed results, with some reporting pain relief and functional improvement, while others found no significant advantage over platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or corticosteroids. Variability in HA formulations and protocols influenced outcomes. HA is a promising adjunct for periodontal therapy and wound healing. However, its role in TMJ treatment remains uncertain. Further RCTs with standardized protocols are needed to determine its optimal clinical application.

Background: Peri-implantitis, the most prevalent cause of implant failure, is a multifaceted issue that is influenced by various factors that promote biofilm formation around the implant. Although various innovative methods for microbiological decontamination of dental implants exist, a universally accepted standard protocol has not yet been established. However, the potential of a device that generates an electric current (Ximplant^®) in reducing the survival of microorganisms within the biofilm is a promising development. Methods: In this in vitro study, five dental implants, contaminated using a microbial culture from a sample of saliva of a patient suffering from peri-implantitis, were decontaminated using the Ximplant^® peri-implantitis protocol. The experimental conditions included a simulated peri-implant site and a subsequent fluorescent assessment of the Live/Dead microbial population. Results: The qualitative and quantitative image analyses showed a predominant dead light signal on the treated sample, demonstrating the potential efficacy of applying the electrostatic field to the contaminated implant surface in reducing the viability of the microorganisms within the biofilm around dental implants. Conclusions: These findings could inspire a new era in peri-implantitis treatment.

Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease share inflammatory, immune, endothelial, oxidative, and lipid-related pathways. Although sex-related differences are well established for many cardiovascular biomarkers, it remains unclear whether sex modifies biomarker patterns at the intersection of periodontal and cardiovascular disease. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Eligible adult human studies evaluated periodontitis or periodontal inflammation together with atherosclerotic or related cardiovascular phenotypes and reported candidate biomarkers in blood or, as supportive evidence, oral fluids. High-throughput omics studies were eligible when available. Data on study design, periodontal and cardiovascular assessment, biological matrix, biomarker findings, sex-stratified analyses, and menopausal status were extracted. Twelve studies were included. Most assessed single biomarkers or small predefined panels rather than discovery-scale omics. Reported markers involved inflammation and immunity (CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6, LPS, and periodontal antibodies), endothelial or vascular injury, lipid and autoimmune pathways (PCSK9 and anti-ApoA-1 IgG), innate-immune and metabolic regulation (MBL and SIRT1), cardiac stress, and oxidative stress. Findings were heterogeneous across cardiovascular phenotypes, and several key associations were null or imprecise. Only two studies performed direct male–female comparisons: one enrolled women only, and none stratified women by menopausal status. No study derived and validated a sex-specific omics signature. The literature identifies overlapping candidate-biomarker pathways but does not establish a causal, clinically validated, sex-specific, or menopause-specific signature of periodontitis-associated cardiovascular disease. The current evidence should be considered hypothesis-generating.

Background: The management of complete mandibular edentulism in frail patients with severe bone atrophy is a clinical challenge. Ultrashort implants (≤4 mm) have been proposed as a minimally invasive alternative to bone augmentation procedures; however, long-term evidence in full-arch rehabilitations remains limited. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study presents the 10-year follow-up of patients treated with full-arch mandibular rehabilitation under immediate loading supported by 4 mm ultrashort implants. Patients were originally treated between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was prosthetic success at 10 years, defined as a stable and functional prosthesis supported by four implants. Secondary outcomes included implant survival, timing of implant loss, and biological and prosthetic complications. Results: Fourteen patients were available for evaluation at the 10-year follow-up. The success of the prosthetic structure was 100%, with all patients maintaining stable and functional rehabilitation. As regards the implants, a total of 82 implants had been placed, with 14 implant losses, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 82.9%. Implant losses occurred mainly in early (1 week, 4 months) and late phases (between 3 and 10 years), while no losses were observed between 1 and 3 years. Overall, 71.43% of patients experienced at least one implant loss; however, this did not compromise prosthetic function. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, all full-arch prostheses remained functional at 10 years, although cumulative implant survival was 82.9%. These findings suggest that rehabilitation supported by 4 mm ultrashort implants may represent a treatment option for carefully selected frail patients with severe mandibular atrophy. Prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and compare this approach with standard-length implants and bone augmentation procedures.