The increasing number of dengue virus (DENV) genome sequences available allows identifying the contributing factors to DENV evolution. In the present study, the codon usage in serotypes 1–4 (DENV1–4) has been explored for 3047 sequenced genomes using different statistics methods. The correlation analysis of total GC content (GC) with GC content at the three nucleotide positions of codons (GC1, GC2, and GC3) as well as the effective number of codons (ENC, ENCp) versus GC3 plots revealed mutational bias and purifying selection pressures as the major forces influencing the codon usage, but with distinct pressure on specific nucleotide position in the codon. The correspondence analysis (CA) and clustering analysis on relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) within each serotype showed similar clustering patterns to the phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences for DENV1–4. These clustering patterns are strongly related to the virus geographic origin. The phylogenetic dependence analysis also suggests that stabilizing selection acts on the codon usage bias. Our analysis of a large scale reveals new feature on DENV genomic evolution.

Enolase, which catalyses the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, is an important enzyme in the classic glycolysis pathway in cells. Enolase is highly conserved in organisms from bacteria to humans, indicating its importance in cells. Thus, enolase is a good target for developing new drugs. In the last decade, new functions of this enzyme have been found.Helicobacter pyloriis a common human pathogen that causes gastric diseases and even gastric cancer. In this study, the sequence ofH. pylorienolase (HpEno) was analysed; the conservation (at least partial) of binding sites for cofactor, plasminogen, and host extracellular RNA, as well as catalytic site, indicates that HpEno should be capable of performing the functions. Recombinant HpEno was overexpressed and purified fromE. coli. Compared to the enolases from other species, HpEno had similar characteristics for its secondary structure. The temperature-induced profiles indicate that HpEno is quite stable to temperature, compared to other homologs. Regarding the kinetics of the unfolding reaction, we found that the activation enthalpy associated with the thermal unfolding reaction is equivalent to the reported activation enthalpy for yeast enolase, indicating a similar scaffold and kinetic stability. Although a wide range of experimental conditions were assayed, it was not possible to detect any enzymatic activity of HpEno. To prove the lack of activity, still a much wider range of experiments should be carried out.

This study presents the green synthesis and comprehensive characterization of ZnO–Ag nanocomposites using an eco-friendly approach that incorporates aqueous Tagetes erecta extract via the co-precipitation method. The research systematically evaluates the effect of silver concentration (0.1–0.5%) on material properties and dual applications: solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Advanced characterization techniques, including UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, FTIR, and TGA, confirmed the successful formation of crystalline nanocomposites with spherical and hemispherical morphologies, consisting of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and face-centered cubic Ag phases. Results demonstrate that strategic silver incorporation significantly enhances ZnO photocatalytic activity by improving charge separation and reducing recombination rates, with the ZnO–Ag (0.3%) nanocomposite exhibiting optimal performance, achieving complete methylene blue degradation within 25 min under solar irradiation. Antibacterial assays showed efficacy against the bacteria used, with a significantly stronger bactericidal effect against S. aureus than E. coli, especially for ZnO–Ag (0.2%) at a 250 μg/mL concentration. This study highlights the synergistic effect between ZnO, Ag, and bioactive compounds from Tagetes erecta, offering a sustainable approach for developing multifunctional nanomaterials with significant potential in environmental remediation and antibacterial applications.

Aeromonas caviae is an emerging human pathogen. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Aeromonas caviae strain 429865 INP which shows the presence of various putative virulence-related genes.

Alizarin Red S (ARS) is a persistent anthraquinone dye whose discharge into aquatic environments represents an important concern due to its chemical stability, intense coloration, and potential ecological impact. Adsorption has emerged as one of the most practical approaches for its removal from aqueous media because of its operational simplicity, adaptability, and compatibility with low-cost and regenerable materials. This review critically examines recent progress in the adsorption of Alizarin Red S using a broad spectrum of adsorbents, including biomass-derived materials, activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based systems, polymeric sorbents, metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, hydrogels, magnetic composites, and hybrid nanostructures. Particular attention is given to the relationship between adsorbent composition, surface chemistry, porosity, functional groups, and adsorption performance. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and coexisting ions are discussed as key factors controlling dye uptake, equilibrium behavior, and removal efficiency. The reviewed studies indicate that ARS adsorption is commonly governed by electrostatic attraction; hydrogen bonding; π–π interactions; surface complexation; pore diffusion; and, in some systems, dye–metal complex formation. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, together with pseudo-second-order kinetics, are the most frequently reported models. Despite significant laboratory-scale advances, challenges remain regarding adsorbent regeneration, selectivity in complex matrices, long-term stability, cost-effective synthesis, and scale-up. Future research should prioritize real wastewater validation, multicomponent systems, circular adsorbent design, computational modeling, machine learning-assisted optimization, and life cycle assessment to support the transition of ARS adsorption technologies toward practical wastewater treatment applications.