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Zhenyu Wang
Department Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Polymers
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In order to reduce the dependency of resin synthesis on petroleum resources, vanillyl alcohol which is a renewable material that can be produced from lignin has been used to synthesize bioepoxy resin. Although it has been widely reported that the curing reaction and properties of the cured epoxies can be greatly affected by the molecular structure of the curing agents, the exact influence remains unknown for bioepoxies. In this study, four aliphatic amines with different molecular structures and amine functionalities, namely triethylenetetramine (TETA), Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and ethylenediamine (EDA), were used to cure the synthesized vanillyl alcohol–based bioepoxy resin (VE). The curing reaction of VE and the physicochemical properties, especially the thermomechanical performance of the cured bioepoxies with different amine functionalities, were systematically investigated and compared using different characterization methods, such as DSC, ATR–FTIR, TGA, DMA, and tensile testing, etc. Despite a higher curing temperature needed in the VE–TETA resin system, the cured VE–TETA epoxy showed a better chemical resistance, particularly acidic resistance, as well as a lower swelling ratio than the others. The higher thermal decomposition temperature, storage modulus, and relaxation temperature of VE–TETA epoxy indicated its superior thermal stability and thermomechanical properties. Moreover, the tensile strength of VE cured by TETA was 1.4~2.6 times higher than those of other curing systems. In conclusion, TETA was shown to be the optimum epoxy curing agent for vanillyl alcohol–based bioepoxy resin.

ACS Style

Zhenyu Wang; Pitchaimari Gnanasekar; Sandeep Sudhakaran Nair; Songlin Yi; Ning Yan. Curing Behavior and Thermomechanical Performance of Bioepoxy Resin Synthesized from Vanillyl Alcohol: Effects of the Curing Agent. Polymers 2021, 13, 2891 .

AMA Style

Zhenyu Wang, Pitchaimari Gnanasekar, Sandeep Sudhakaran Nair, Songlin Yi, Ning Yan. Curing Behavior and Thermomechanical Performance of Bioepoxy Resin Synthesized from Vanillyl Alcohol: Effects of the Curing Agent. Polymers. 2021; 13 (17):2891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyu Wang; Pitchaimari Gnanasekar; Sandeep Sudhakaran Nair; Songlin Yi; Ning Yan. 2021. "Curing Behavior and Thermomechanical Performance of Bioepoxy Resin Synthesized from Vanillyl Alcohol: Effects of the Curing Agent." Polymers 13, no. 17: 2891.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in BioResources
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To evaluate the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the physicochemical characteristics of wood, UAE and Soxhlet extraction (SE) were used to treat Eucalyptus. In UAE, ultrasound with a frequency of 40 kHz and an intensity of 360 W was performed at 60 °C for 30 min. Comparison of UAE samples with Soxhlet-extracted and untreated samples indicated that both the extraction and cavitation effects of ultrasound played a significant role in the efficient alteration of wood characteristics. Identification of extractives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) suggested the presence of more low- and high-volatility components in UAE, whereas SE mainly consisted of moderate-volatility components. In thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, UAE samples obtained the highest maximum mass-loss rate (-52.1%/min) at the lowest temperature (378.4 °C). Volatile profiles obtained by thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) indicated that CO and CH4 increased, whereas CO2 and formic acid decreased during pyrolysis after UAE. The release of CO and methanol components was mainly influenced by extraction; however, the emission of CO2, CH4, and formic acid responded more strongly to the effects of ultrasound. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the fracture of pit membranes and small protuberances on the surface of the residues reflected the effects of ultrasound.

ACS Style

Zhenyu Wang. The Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Wood Treated by Ultrasound-assisted Extraction. BioResources 2018, 13, 9033-9052 .

AMA Style

Zhenyu Wang. The Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Wood Treated by Ultrasound-assisted Extraction. BioResources. 2018; 13 (4):9033-9052.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyu Wang. 2018. "The Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Wood Treated by Ultrasound-assisted Extraction." BioResources 13, no. 4: 9033-9052.