Introduction: The physiological process of wound healing is a complex and dynamic series of events that aims to restore damaged tissues to their original structure and function. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous blood-derived product, is characterized by a high concentration of platelets suspended in a small volume of plasma, along with a complete array of coagulation factors at physiological concentrations. Beyond platelets, PRP contains a significant quantity of bioactive growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), all of which are crucial mediators of tissue repair and osteogenesis. Due to these properties, PRP has garnered considerable attention in oral surgery, where the efficient regeneration of both hard and soft tissues is critical for the optimal therapeutic outcomes. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy of PRP in oral surgical procedures, with particular emphasis on its role in the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, as well as its clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the review sought to identify the diverse surgical applications of PRP and assess the impact of its use in conjunction with grafting materials on regenerative outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted, analyzing articles published within the last decade regarding the application of PRP in oral surgery, specifically focusing on periodontal, regenerative, and implant-related procedures. Studies were selected based on rigorous inclusion criteria, assessing the utilization of PRP across different clinical settings. Results: Thirteen relevant studies were included, which were categorized as follows: three studies involving implant surgery, three studies focusing on third molar extractions, two studies on regenerative surgery, two studies addressing periodontal surgery, one study examining intrabony periodontal defects, and two studies on ridge augmentation procedures. The majority of studies reported modest improvements in clinical parameters such as periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL). Furthermore, significant positive outcomes were observed in soft tissue healing, with notable enhancements in bone density. These results suggest that PRP may facilitate the healing process, particularly in soft tissues, while also promoting bone regeneration to a degree. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review underscore the potential of PRP as a valuable adjunct in oral surgery, demonstrating significant benefits in the regeneration of soft tissues and, to a lesser extent, hard tissues. Notably, the standalone application of PRP did not yield substantial improvements in regenerative outcomes. However, when PRP was used in combination with grafting materials, more pronounced benefits were observed, indicating a synergistic effect that enhances both soft and hard tissue regeneration. These findings support the rationale for incorporating PRP into clinical practice, particularly in conjunction with grafting materials, to optimize patient outcomes in oral surgery. Further research, particularly involving larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups, is necessary to fully elucidate the optimal clinical applications and mechanistic pathways of PRP in oral regenerative procedures.

Background/Objectives: Odontogenic keratocysts are benign cysts originating from remnants of the dental lamina, rarely showing peripheral (gingival) localization. In this study, we compiled data on the peripheral variant by reviewing the literature and presenting a new case to establish criteria for accurate differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA flowchart, leading to the collection of existing data on peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. In addition, we present a new case of a 68-year-old female patient referred to our attention for an asymptomatic swelling of the mandible in the premolar area. Radiographic examination revealed a round radiolucency with well-defined borders located between teeth #4.3 and #4.4, surgically removed and diagnosed as a peripheral (gingival) keratocyst. Results: Including the herein described new case, 37 cases were reviewed from data literature showing occurrence in the mandible (43.2%) and maxilla (46%)—with 10.8% of cases not stated-, with an age range of 14–83 year old, recurrence rate of 12.5–13.6% (total recurrences/total cases) and median follow-up time of 19 months. Conclusions: Data from literature highlights the rarity of odontogenic keratocyst with peripheral (gingival) localization, which can be misleading for differential diagnosis, emphasizing the necessity of histopathological examination as the definitive diagnostic tool for all the cystic lesions of the jaws. The absence of pathognomonic clinical and radiological features, combined with the potential for extraosseous manifestation of odontogenic lesions with high recurrence rates, underscores the importance of complete excision to ensure proper healing and prevent recurrence of odontogenic keratocyst.

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders characterized by variable clinical presentation, biological behaviour, and therapeutic response. The classification system developed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) is currently the global standard, categorizing VAs based on histopathological features, hemodynamic, and clinical progression. Lymphatic malformations (LMs), including Lymphangioma Circumscriptum (LC)-a localized and often superficial variant-are stratified into macrocystic, microcystic, or mixed subtypes. Despite the system's widespread adoption, the absence of standardized dimensional criteria and consistent diagnostic protocols limits its applicability. The rarity of oral LC, especially in paediatric patients alongw with its clinical overlap with other vascular or neoplastic lesions, further complicates diagnosis and management. This study introduces an integrated High-Tech protocol combining High-Definition Intraoral Ultrasonography (IHDUS) and Diode Laser for the management of LC occuring in the tongue of paediatric patients. A comprehensive literature review further contextualizes the clinic-pathological significance of the herein reported approach within contemporary frameworks for vascular anomaly management. All patients underwent a structured three-step protocol: IHDUS for the precise assessment of lesion depth, vascularity, and extension; Diode Laser transmucosal photocoagulation to promote volume and vascular supply reduction with subsequent Diode Laser-assisted surgical excision; histological examination withimmunohistochemical analysis too. 7 paediatric cases with histologically confirmed LC of the tongue were treated, all demonstrating comparable clinical and radiological characteristics; after surgery, complete healing was observed in all cases without complications. Data from literature mainly describe invasive procedures for LC treatment, lacking standardization and often unsuitable for paediatric populations. The proposed protocol demonstrated substantial clinical value as a minimally invasive, safe, and reproducible approach for the diagnosis and management of LC of the tongue in paediatric patients.