Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most significant threats to public health. This study aimed to examine antibiotic usage within the general population in the Republic of Serbia and their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning this topic. We conducted an online cross-sectional study over two weeks in December 2022, on a sample of 1014 respondents, representative of the Republic of Serbia's population. Predictors of the Antibiotic Knowledge Score (composed of four questions) were analyzed by multivariate ordinal logistic regression. In 2022, 76.8% of the participants from the Serbian population had taken antibiotics, mostly upon a medical prescription, with the most common reasons being upper respiratory tract infections. Only 31.3% of all respondents received any kind of advice about the rational use of antibiotics and half of them changed their opinions on using antibiotics after receiving this information. The average Antibiotic Knowledge Score was 2.6 out of 4, with 32.5% of respondents answering all knowledge questions correctly. The multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, higher education level, and the willingness to change opinions regarding the usage of antibiotics after receiving information about the rational use of antibiotics from any available source were significant predictors of better knowledge about antibiotics use. Respondents who were open to changing their opinion after receiving information about the rational use of antibiotics had 28% higher odds of higher antibiotic knowledge scores. This is the first population-level study on public knowledge, attitudes, and practices about antibiotic use in Serbia and therefore the baseline for future research and measuring the impact of potential interventions. Our findings underline the importance of taking into account specific population characteristics, knowledge levels, and attitudes when designing educational and intervention strategies for antibiotic use. Policymakers can leverage these findings to target specific groups and enhance the population's knowledge and practices regarding rational antibiotic usage.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map existing evidence on the use of wearable devices in palliative care for older people. Methods: The databases searched included MEDLINE (via Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar, which was included to capture grey literature. Databases were searched in the English language, without date restrictions. Reviewed results included studies and reviews involving patients aged 65 years or older who were active users of non-invasive wearable devices in the context of palliative care, with no limitations on gender or medical condition. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's comprehensive and systematic guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. Results: Of the 1,520 reports identified through searching the databases, reference lists, and citations, six reports met our inclusion criteria. The types of wearable devices discussed in these reports were accelerometers and actigraph units. Wearable devices were found to be useful in various health conditions, as the patient monitoring data enabled treatment adjustments. The results are mapped in tables as well as a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) chart. Conclusions: The findings indicate limited and sparse evidence for the population group of patients aged 65 years and older in the palliative context. Hence, more research on this particular age group is needed. The available evidence shows the benefits of wearable device use in enabling patient-centred palliative care, treatment adjustments and symptom management, and reducing the need for patients to travel to clinics while maintaining communication with healthcare professionals.

To explore whether and how eHealth solutions support the dignity of healthcare professionals and patients in palliative care contexts. This qualitative study used phenomenographic analysis involving four focus group interviews, with healthcare professionals who provide palliative care to older people. Analysis revealed four categories of views on working with eHealth in hierarchical order: Safeguarding the patient by documenting-eHealth is a grain of support, Treated as less worthy by authorities-double standards, Distrust in the eHealth solution-when the "solution" presents a danger; and Patient first-personal contact with patients endows more dignity than eHealth. The ability to have up-to-date patient information was considered crucial when caring for vulnerable, dying patients. eHealth solutions were perceived as essential technological support, but also as unreliable, even dangerous, lacking patient information, with critical information potentially missing or overlooked. This caused distrust in eHealth, introduced unease at work, and challenged healthcare professionals' identities, leading to embodied discomfort and feeling of a lack of dignity. The healthcare professionals perceived work with eHealth solutions as challenging their sense of dignity, and therefore affecting their ability to provide dignified care for the patients. However, healthcare professionals managed to provide dignified palliative care by focusing on patient first.

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, requiring an approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. Public awareness and responsible antibiotic use are key to combating AMR. This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use among the general population in Serbia, exploring their impact on antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2022 using a three-stage stratified random sample of the Serbian population. The Eurobarometer questionnaire was utilized with permission from the European Commission. Statistical analyses included multivariate ordinal logistic regression to identify predictors of desirable attitudes and behaviors related to antibiotic use. Results: Almost two-thirds of respondents (61.6%) reported not receiving any advice on rational antibiotic use, underscoring the need for education of the general population and raising awareness. A Higher Antibiotic Knowledge Score was associated with a 60% greater likelihood of favorable attitudes and a 21% greater likelihood of rational antibiotic use. Pharmacists were identified as the primary source of antibiotic-related information for the general population in Serbia, but there is limited public interest and awareness of antibiotic use in animals, as well as of the bans on using antibiotics to stimulate growth in farm animals within the EU. Conclusions: Through targeted educational interventions, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and AMR control measures is necessary for human and veterinary medicine. Although pharmacists are the primary source of information about antibiotics for the population in Serbia, collaboration with physicians and their empowerment should be introduced to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship further.

This study aimed to gain insight into the phenomenon of how wearable devices affect the sense of dignity of older patients (above 65 years of age) in palliative care settings using remote monitoring health services. Five interviews were carried out using reflective lifeworld research approach. A phenomenological analysis showed that the essence of older adults’ sense of dignity in palliative care is vulnerable and, therefore, at stake when using wearable devices for remote monitoring. This essence is reflected in the following constituents: a simultaneous sense of regained and diminished quality of life; mixed feelings ranging from strengthened self-identity and independence to vulnerability and dependence; shifting care responsibilities within the context of life’s finitude; and uncertainty about being valued, seen, and empowered while navigating relational expectations. The phenomenon was illuminated through the lens of various forms of dignity, offering insight into how it is experienced and challenged. These findings underscore the importance of recognising and addressing threats to dignity as digital health technologies continue to evolve in palliative care settings. Interprofessional collaboration among various stakeholders, including patients as active informants and participants, is necessary for designing future dignified remote care using wearable devices.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is commonly framed as a consequence of antimicrobial use, yet many conditions that shape resistance arise before treatment is considered and outside clinical care. This review examines contemporary determinants of AMR across human health, animal health, food production, environmental systems, and wider social and institutional contexts. Determinants are organized around common pathways, such as infection burden, antimicrobial exposure, selection pressure, transmission, and systems’ capacity to prevent and control resistance. This pathway-based perspective helps identify critical intervention points in diagnostics, infection prevention, vaccination, water and sanitation, biosecurity, wastewater management, governance, and emergency preparedness. It also shows why surveillance conducted within separate sectors may miss interactions at human, animal, and environmental interfaces. The synthesis supports a broader understanding of AMR literacy that extends beyond knowledge and individual antibiotic behavior to include recognition of interacting determinants, opportunities for prevention, and the different capacities of actors to influence them. Shared responsibility should therefore be understood as differentiated responsibility among individuals, professionals, institutions, industry, and governments. By linking determinants with the pathways through which they act, potential points for intervention, and different levels of responsibility, this review provides a framework for more coherent One Health surveillance, prevention, preparedness, and policy responses.