An in-place thermovision study was carried out in a multi-apartment apartment building of high comfort in a cold period of the year, located in the Northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the work. The study result showed the presence of significant problems on thermal protection at the edge and inner corner fences where the temperature difference between the inner surface of an enclosure and the internal temperature was 6.4 - 19.4ºC. An analysis of thermograms of window joints in living rooms also showed a significant temperature drop from -9.3ºC to 18ºC, where total vulnerable area was up to 10%. Thermograms of window-sill joints of living rooms also showed a temperature drop to -21.1 ºC with an area of 15.7 %. The temperature on a reinforced concrete column’s inner surface showed a value of 6.5 ºC, which is typical for an area of 34.8 %. An analysis of outside and inside temperatures showed that as the temperature drops from -7 ºC to -23 ºC during the day, the inside temperature of the room remains relatively stable at 25.3 - 26.1 ºC, although there are problems with the thermal protection of the enclosures, which indicates overconsumption of heat energy. Moreover, the internal air temperature exceeds the permissible temperature for living rooms by 1.3 - 2.6 ºС. An analysis of air humidity also showed unsatisfactory values, which during the day varied from 17.4% to 21.2%. The deviations identified during the survey indicate the presence of problems on thermal protection of external enclosures, which require additional surveys aimed at further development and optimization of external enclosure designs to obtain optimal values in the issue of energy saving, considering the climatic characteristics of the Kazakhstan regions.

In this study, the object of the research is low-rank coal during the process of thermal heating of five types: brown, high moisture brown, long-flame, coke weakly sintering and coke fusinite. In the research, when conducting thermal and gas analysis in inert media, the problem of using low-rank coal in the thermal heating process to obtain volatile fuel gases was solved by identifying the quantitative and qualitative performance of its behavior. Quantitative indicators are determined as the mass of thermal destruction products: the mass of coal tar and gas products and semi-coke under optimal temperature conditions of their maximum release. Qualitative indicators of coal behavior are components of thermal decomposition products. It is revealed that the behavior of low-rank coals in the process of thermal heating is determined by the degree of metamorphism. In this case, long-flame and brown coals have a lower release of volatile fuel gases than coke weakly sintering and coke fusinite coals due to a lower degree of metamorphism and greater degrees of thermal oxidation and dehydration. Thermal decomposition component ranges consisting of polyaromatic fragments (HCN, C6H12, C4H5N), greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2), toxic gases (H2S and NH3) and synthesis gases (CO and H2) have the highest share of release. Optimal temperature conditions and ranges for the release of low molecular weight gases used as high calorific volatile fuel gases are obtained. The results can be used in the design, optimization and construction of thermal heating equipment, correction of gasification and pyrolysis processes. Moreover, they can be applied in localized coal tar spots minimization technologies and for designing targeted gases extraction

The object of research is a low-temperature gasification technology of weakly grade metamorphized coals. One of the outstanding issues of the low-temperature gasification technology of weakly grade metamorphized coals remains the long processing period due to the coal weak energy activation directly dependent on the release of volatile gases, which depend on isotropic state of coal. The problem that was solved is to scale up coal activation energy through the sudden heat during thermal processing. The results obtained show a shift of the volatile gases release beginning to a temperature of 410°C in the same quantity as with the step-by-step heating to a temperature of 500°C. In addition, the sudden heat contributes to a reduction of CO2 emissions by 12%, indicating an improvement in environmental performance. These results are explained by the fact that a sharp difference in temperatures of 20°C and 400°C creates conditions for the appearance of energy distortion in the isotropic zones of the coal body heating. This energy weakens and destroys the internal bonds between the coal particles and creates conditions for the release of new volatile elements at lower temperatures. The main features of the results obtained, which made it possible to solve the problem studied are the results on transformation of thermal stresses into energy of distortion at the sudden heat in the relationship between the mechanics and physics of anisotropic coal. The scope and conditions of practical use of the results obtained is will allow for the adjustment of gasification techniques for coals with low degree of metamorphism and the establishment of gasification regimes, taking into account the design and capacity of the gasifiers