Helicobacter pylori is a primary cause of several gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Unfortunately, standard treatments are increasingly failing due to rising antimicrobial resistance, particularly to clarithromycin. This necessitates the development of optimized H. pylori management strategies that minimize antibiotic use, reduce adverse effects, lower costs, and improve compliance. Vonoprazan-based regimens seem to be a viable option, as vonoprazan (VPZ) offers more consistent and potent acid suppression because it is not significantly affected by CYP2C19 genetic variations. This review comprehensively analyzed 43 clinical studies from the past five years in PubMed, evaluating the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan-based regimens for H. pylori eradication, including comparisons with established and novel therapies of varying doses and durations. The findings consistently demonstrate that VPZ-based therapies achieve comparable or superior eradication rates, alongside a more favorable safety profile and enhanced cost-effectiveness. While high-dose vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) therapy temporarily impacts gut microbiota and can persistently affect the antibiotic resistome, low-dose VA regimens show negligible effects. This highlights VA therapy as a promising candidate for an optimal H. pylori eradication strategy, though further long-term research, particularly in diverse global populations, is essential to definitively establish the best possible regimens.

Introduction: Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by facial port-wine birthmarks, leptomeningeal angiomatosis, and associated neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological symptoms. The condition's variable presentation poses challenges for diagnosis, management, and long-term care. Advances in imaging, genetics, and targeted therapies are reshaping the landscape of Sturge-Weber Syndrome treatment. Aim of Study: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, differential diagnoses, and treatment options for Sturge-Weber Syndrome, with a focus on the management of neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological symptoms. Material and methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on Sturge-Weber Syndrome was performed using the PubMed database. Results and Conclusions: Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a complex disorder requiring a multidisciplinary approach to management. Neurological complications, particularly epilepsy, are a major concern, often necessitating pharmacological or surgical interventions. Ophthalmological issues, especially glaucoma, pose challenges across all age groups, with tailored treatments offering varying success. Dermatological symptoms, such as port-wine stains, benefit significantly from early pulsed dye laser therapy, often enhanced by adjunctive treatments like topical rapamycin. Emerging therapies, including sirolimus and aspirin, show promise in reducing complications. Advances in imaging techniques and targeted treatments offer hope for improved management, while lifelong monitoring remains essential. Further research into the pathophysiology and therapies for Sturge-Weber Syndrome is critical to developing personalized and effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to significant deterioration in patients’ quality of life. Biologic therapy, including the use of ustekinumab (UST), is a modern approach to treating the moderate to severe form of CD, especially in patients refractory to traditional treatments. UST, which acts as an interleukin IL-12 and IL-23 antagonist, has shown high efficacy in reducing inflammation, improving quality of life, and promoting mucosal regeneration and fistula healing. However, the use of biologic therapies, such as UST, has challenges related to the timing of treatment and patient response, including the problem of immunogenicity. To determine the clinical efficacy and safety profile of UST in the treatment of CD, a review of the literature published in the PubMed database over the last 5 years was conducted. After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 42 clinical studies. The review discusses the available data on the efficacy and safety of UST, as well as its comparison with other biologic therapies, such as infliximab and adalimumab. UST, although not significantly greater to adalimumab, has lower immunogenicity and higher treatment retention. The therapeutic value of UST is also confirmed by biosimilars such as ABP 65 and FYB202, which show comparable efficacy and safety profile. The analysis of predictive biomarkers, such as serum drug levels and baseline eosinophil levels, could be an important element in the future personalization of CD treatment. The review’s findings point to the importance of further research to improve the tailoring of therapies to individual patients and improve long-term treatment outcomes.

Introduction: Water birth, involving immersion in water during childbirth, has gained popularity for its potential benefits, such as pain relief and comfort. While widely practiced in some countries, concerns regarding its safety, particularly for neonates, remain. This paper explores the maternal and fetal benefits and risks associated with water birth, as well as the epidemiological trends, medical protocols, and legal considerations. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of water immersion and water birth, focusing on the safety, efficacy, and factors influencing its adoption in different populations. Material and methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on water birth including its benefits, risks and controversies was performed using the PubMed database. Results and Conclusions: Water immersion during labor is associated with significant maternal benefits, including reduced pain and anxiety, shorter labor, and fewer pharmacological interventions. Water birth, however, carries potential risks, such as neonatal respiratory complications and infections, although studies generally report no significant differences in neonatal outcomes compared to land birth. Epidemiological trends show higher water birth rates among women aged 30–39, while socioeconomic factors, such as deprivation, are linked to lower rates. Water birth has been shown to reduce the incidence of severe perineal tears and postpartum hemorrhage. While promising, the practice requires careful adherence to medical protocols to ensure safety, with further research needed to fully establish its long-term benefits and risks.

Introduction and purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are impacting cardiology by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment and optimizing patient care. This review examines current and emerging applications of AI and ML in cardiology, highlighting their transformative impact on clinical practice, workflow efficiency, and long-term patient outcomes. Description of the state of knowledge: AI and ML, including advanced neural networks and predictive analytics, demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and specificity in interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, CT scans, and cardiac MRIs. These technologies facilitate early detection of conditions such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while also enabling risk stratification for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, AI-driven algorithms support personalized treatment strategies, real-time remote monitoring, and precision-guided coronary interventions, reducing procedural complications. Recent advancements also show promise in automating echocardiographic measurements and optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy, further enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic precision. Conclusions: AI and ML hold transformative potential for cardiology, enabling faster, more accurate diagnoses and data-driven therapeutic decisions. Their integration into clinical practice promises to improve prognostic accuracy, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patient-centered care.

Introduction: Depression represents a major public health challenge, affecting individuals worldwide and remaining a prevalent condition that significantly reduces quality of life. Despite the availability of various therapeutic options, including pharmacological interventions, these treatments are often insufficiently effective. Consequently, the search for safe and effective strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms remains a priority. Numerous studies have examined the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in both the prevention and treatment of depression. In this context, the involvement of inflammatory processes and stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms appears to be particularly relevant. Therefore, research continues to investigate the potential relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and clinical improvement in patients with depression. Aim of Study: The purpose of this review is to explore potential novel therapeutic strategies that may benefit patients with depression. Material and methods: This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence regarding the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. A targeted literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was focused primarily on studies published within the five-ten years. Search terms included combinations of “omega-3 fatty acids,” “eicosapentaenoic acid,” “docosahexaenoic acid,” “major depressive disorder,” “treatment-resistant depression". Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and high-quality narrative reviews were prioritized. Consistent with the narrative nature of this review, no formal systematic screening protocol, risk-of-bias assessment, or quantitative synthesis was performed. Results and Conclusions: After examining the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in patients across different age groups, both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents, including postpartum women, studies have not produced conclusive evidence directly supporting their beneficial impact on depression.