Helicobacter pylori is a primary cause of several gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Unfortunately, standard treatments are increasingly failing due to rising antimicrobial resistance, particularly to clarithromycin. This necessitates the development of optimized H. pylori management strategies that minimize antibiotic use, reduce adverse effects, lower costs, and improve compliance. Vonoprazan-based regimens seem to be a viable option, as vonoprazan (VPZ) offers more consistent and potent acid suppression because it is not significantly affected by CYP2C19 genetic variations. This review comprehensively analyzed 43 clinical studies from the past five years in PubMed, evaluating the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan-based regimens for H. pylori eradication, including comparisons with established and novel therapies of varying doses and durations. The findings consistently demonstrate that VPZ-based therapies achieve comparable or superior eradication rates, alongside a more favorable safety profile and enhanced cost-effectiveness. While high-dose vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) therapy temporarily impacts gut microbiota and can persistently affect the antibiotic resistome, low-dose VA regimens show negligible effects. This highlights VA therapy as a promising candidate for an optimal H. pylori eradication strategy, though further long-term research, particularly in diverse global populations, is essential to definitively establish the best possible regimens.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to significant deterioration in patients’ quality of life. Biologic therapy, including the use of ustekinumab (UST), is a modern approach to treating the moderate to severe form of CD, especially in patients refractory to traditional treatments. UST, which acts as an interleukin IL-12 and IL-23 antagonist, has shown high efficacy in reducing inflammation, improving quality of life, and promoting mucosal regeneration and fistula healing. However, the use of biologic therapies, such as UST, has challenges related to the timing of treatment and patient response, including the problem of immunogenicity. To determine the clinical efficacy and safety profile of UST in the treatment of CD, a review of the literature published in the PubMed database over the last 5 years was conducted. After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 42 clinical studies. The review discusses the available data on the efficacy and safety of UST, as well as its comparison with other biologic therapies, such as infliximab and adalimumab. UST, although not significantly greater to adalimumab, has lower immunogenicity and higher treatment retention. The therapeutic value of UST is also confirmed by biosimilars such as ABP 65 and FYB202, which show comparable efficacy and safety profile. The analysis of predictive biomarkers, such as serum drug levels and baseline eosinophil levels, could be an important element in the future personalization of CD treatment. The review’s findings point to the importance of further research to improve the tailoring of therapies to individual patients and improve long-term treatment outcomes.

Introduction and purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are impacting cardiology by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment and optimizing patient care. This review examines current and emerging applications of AI and ML in cardiology, highlighting their transformative impact on clinical practice, workflow efficiency, and long-term patient outcomes. Description of the state of knowledge: AI and ML, including advanced neural networks and predictive analytics, demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and specificity in interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, CT scans, and cardiac MRIs. These technologies facilitate early detection of conditions such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while also enabling risk stratification for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, AI-driven algorithms support personalized treatment strategies, real-time remote monitoring, and precision-guided coronary interventions, reducing procedural complications. Recent advancements also show promise in automating echocardiographic measurements and optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy, further enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic precision. Conclusions: AI and ML hold transformative potential for cardiology, enabling faster, more accurate diagnoses and data-driven therapeutic decisions. Their integration into clinical practice promises to improve prognostic accuracy, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patient-centered care.

Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common compressive neuropathy of the upper extremity, with an estimated prevalence of 1.8–5.9% in the general population. It represents a significant clinical and socio-economic problem, contributing to pain, functional impairment, and reduced work productivity. Aim: This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for CuTS, with particular emphasis on clinical outcomes and implications for healthcare systems. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2026. Results: CuTS pathophysiology involves mechanical compression, traction, and ischemia of the ulnar nerve. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination supported by electrodiagnostic testing and ultrasound. Conservative treatment is effective in mild cases, while surgical techniques, including decompression and anterior transposition, show favorable outcomes. No single surgical method has demonstrated clear superiority. Treatment outcomes are influenced by disease severity and duration. From a healthcare perspective, delayed diagnosis is associated with increased costs and higher rates of surgical intervention. Conclusion: CuTS requires an individualized, evidence-based approach. Early diagnosis and optimized treatment strategies may improve clinical outcomes while reducing healthcare costs and socio-economic burden. Future approaches should focus on improving diagnostic pathways and access to cost-effective interventions.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful orthopedic procedures, providing pain relief, restoring joint function, and improving quality of life in patients with advanced hip disease. Increasing attention has been directed toward postoperative physical activity, return to sport, and long-term functional outcomes after THA. Aim: This narrative review aimed to evaluate the impact of THA on quality of life and physical activity, with emphasis on return to daily activities, sports participation, rehabilitation, and factors influencing postoperative outcomes. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, and original clinical studies addressing quality of life, physical activity, return to sport, and rehabilitation following THA. Results: Current evidence suggests that THA leads to substantial improvements in health-related quality of life, postoperative function, and physical activity in the majority of patients. A large proportion of patients are able to resume daily activities, occupational duties, and low- or moderate-impact sports after surgery, whereas return to high-impact sports remains controversial. Postoperative activity levels are influenced by patient characteristics, preoperative activity, rehabilitation strategies, and surgeon recommendations. Emerging evidence suggests that appropriately selected physical activity may be compatible with implant safety after THA. Conclusions: THA is associated with substantial improvements in quality of life and supports return to physical activity for many patients. Individualized rehabilitation and evidence-based activity recommendations are essential to optimize outcomes, support safe return to sport, and meet the expectations of active patient populations.

Introduction: Depression represents a major public health challenge, affecting individuals worldwide and remaining a prevalent condition that significantly reduces quality of life. Despite the availability of various therapeutic options, including pharmacological interventions, these treatments are often insufficiently effective. Consequently, the search for safe and effective strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms remains a priority. Numerous studies have examined the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in both the prevention and treatment of depression. In this context, the involvement of inflammatory processes and stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms appears to be particularly relevant. Therefore, research continues to investigate the potential relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and clinical improvement in patients with depression. Aim of Study: The purpose of this review is to explore potential novel therapeutic strategies that may benefit patients with depression. Material and methods: This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence regarding the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. A targeted literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was focused primarily on studies published within the five-ten years. Search terms included combinations of “omega-3 fatty acids,” “eicosapentaenoic acid,” “docosahexaenoic acid,” “major depressive disorder,” “treatment-resistant depression". Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and high-quality narrative reviews were prioritized. Consistent with the narrative nature of this review, no formal systematic screening protocol, risk-of-bias assessment, or quantitative synthesis was performed. Results and Conclusions: After examining the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in patients across different age groups, both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents, including postpartum women, studies have not produced conclusive evidence directly supporting their beneficial impact on depression.