Background and Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common barrier to pediatric oral care. Non-pharmacological relaxation techniques like Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) and Breathing Control (BC) may help reduce psychological and physiological stress. This study assessed the utility of JPMR and BC in reducing dental anxiety and physiological arousal in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 189 participants aged 8–17 undergoing non-invasive dental procedures were assigned to JPMR (n = 63), BC (n = 63), or control (n = 63) groups. Dental anxiety was measured with the Romanian-validated IDAF-4C⁺, and physiological stress was measured via blood pressure and heart rate. Pre and post-intervention data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA, and cluster analysis. Results: JPMR led to the highest reductions in IDAF-4C⁺ scores (Δ = −1.23, p < 0.001, d = 1.12) and systolic blood pressure (Δ = −9.4 mmHg, p < 0.01). BC showed moderate anxiety reduction (Δ = −0.64, p < 0.05, d = 0.61) with minor physiological changes. The control group showed no significant change. Cluster analysis revealed three response patterns: (1) high anxiety–strong responders (n = 58), mainly benefiting from JPMR; (2) moderate anxiety–partial responders (n = 74); and (3) low anxiety–non-responders (n = 57). Younger age and female gender were linked to better JPMR response. Conclusions: JPMR is an effective and practical method for reducing dental anxiety and physiological stress in pediatric dental care.

Background and Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common barrier to pediatric oral care. Non-pharmacological relaxation techniques like Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) and Breathing Control (BC) may help reduce psychological and physiological stress. This study assessed the utility of JPMR and BC in reducing dental anxiety and physiological arousal in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 189 participants aged 8–17 undergoing non-invasive dental procedures were assigned to JPMR (n = 63), BC (n = 63), or control (n = 63) groups. Dental anxiety was measured with the Romanian-validated IDAF-4C⁺, and physiological stress via blood pressure and heart rate. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA, and cluster analysis. Results: JPMR led to the highest reductions in IDAF-4C⁺ scores (Δ = −1.23, p < 0.001, d = 1.12) and systolic blood pressure (Δ = −9.4 mmHg, p < 0.01). BC showed moderate anxiety reduction (Δ = −0.64, p < 0.05, d = 0.61) with minor physiological changes. The control group showed no significant change. Cluster analysis revealed three response patterns: (1) high anxiety–strong responders (n = 58), mainly benefiting from JPMR; (2) moderate anxiety–partial responders (n = 74); and (3) low anxiety–non-responders (n = 57). Younger age and female gender were linked to better JPMR response. Conclusions: JPMR is an effective and practical method for reducing dental anxiety and physiological stress in pediatric dental care.

Background and Objectives: Periapical healing and bone regeneration are key indicators of endodontic success. This study evaluated the effectiveness of laser-assisted disinfection compared to conventional chemical irrigation in promoting periapical healing across various bone densities (D1–D5), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) over multiple follow-up intervals. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with radiographically confirmed periapical lesions were enrolled and allocated into two groups: an experimental group (n = 60, chemical irrigation + Er,Cr:YSGG laser disinfection) and a control group (n = 60, chemical irrigation only). CBCT scans were obtained at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 2.5 years post-treatment to assess lesion size and CBCT-PAI scores. Lesions were classified radiographically as either well-defined radiolucent lesions or undefined periapical radiolucencies. Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used for statistical comparisons. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in lesion size and improvements in CBCT-PAI scores at all time points. Healing was especially enhanced in low-density bone (D4–D5). Complete healing rates were higher in the laser group for well-defined radiolucent (89.5% vs. 68.4%) and undefined lesions (81.8% vs. 59.1%). Post hoc power analysis confirmed statistical reliability (Cohen’s d = 3.48; power > 0.99). Conclusions: Laser-assisted endodontic disinfection significantly accelerates periapical healing and promotes bone regeneration, particularly in low-density bone. CBCT imaging supports its clinical superiority over conventional irrigation methods.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a well-established risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the oral cavity may serve as an extragastric reservoir for the bacterium, potentially contributing to persistent infection and reinfection. Orthodontic appliances can modify oral biofilm ecology and may facilitate bacterial colonization. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral H. pylori colonization and gastric cancer, while exploring the potential modifying role of fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 212 participants were recruited from gastroenterology and dental clinics between January 2023 and March 2025. Oral samples were collected and analyzed for H. pylori DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gastric diagnoses were established through endoscopic examination and histopathological evaluation, classifying participants into gastric cancer, precancerous gastric lesions, non-atrophic gastritis, and control groups. Demographic, clinical, and oral health variables were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between oral H. pylori detection and gastric cancer while adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, smoking status, oral hygiene indicators, and socioeconomic factors. Results: Oral Helicobacter pylori DNA was detected in 35/54 (64.8%) patients with gastric cancer, 30/56 (53.6%) with precancerous lesions, 21/52 (40.4%) with non-atrophic gastritis, and 15/50 (30.0%) controls. Gastric H. pylori infection was identified in 41/54 (75.9%) gastric cancer cases compared with 18/50 (36.0%) controls. Oral H. pylori positivity was more frequent among patients undergoing active orthodontic treatment (22/36, 61.1%) than among those without orthodontic appliances (79/188, 42.0%). In multivariable analysis, oral H. pylori positivity remained independently associated with gastric cancer (adjusted OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.51–6.03, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings support an association between oral–gastric microbial interactions and H. pylori–associated disease, and suggest that the oral cavity may serve as a potential reservoir for gastric infection dynamics. The presence of orthodontic appliances may be associated with altered oral microbial ecology and could be linked to sustained H. pylori colonization.

Background and Objectives: The success of endodontic treatment depends on effective disinfection, periapical healing, and bone regeneration. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers superior accuracy in monitoring periapical lesion resolution over time. This study evaluates the impact of laser-assisted disinfection combined with EDTA irrigation on periapical healing compared to conventional chemical irrigation, across different bone densities (D1-D5) and time intervals. Materials and Methods: 120 patients were included, divided into an experimental group (n=60, laser + EDTA) and a control group (n=60, chemical irrigation only). CBCT images were analyzed pre-treatment and at follow-ups to assess changes in periapical lesion size and CBCT-PAI index scores. Lesions were classified as cystic granulomas or chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and ANOVA to compare healing rates. Results: The experimental group showed significantly greater lesion reduction and CBCT-PAI improvement at all time points (e.g., p < 0.001 at 2.5 years). Healing was notably enhanced in low-density bone (D4–D5), and the laser group achieved higher complete healing rates for both cystic granulomas (89.5% vs. 68.4%) and chronic apical periodontitis (81.8% vs. 59.1%). Post-hoc power analysis confirmed statistical robustness (Cohen’s d = 3.48, power > 0.99). Conclusions: Laser-assisted endodontic disinfection accelerates periapical healing and enhances bone regeneration, particularly in low-density bone. CBCT imaging confirms its clinical efficacy over conventional irrigation methods.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a well-established risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the oral cavity may serve as an extragastric reservoir for the bacterium, potentially contributing to persistent infection and reinfection. Orthodontic appliances can modify oral biofilm ecology and may facilitate bacterial colonization. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral H. pylori colonization and gastric cancer, while exploring the potential modifying role of fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 212 participants were recruited from gastroenterology and dental clinics between January 2023 and March 2025. Oral samples were collected and analyzed for H. pylori DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gastric diagnoses were established through endoscopic examination and histopathological evaluation, classifying participants into gastric cancer, precancerous gastric lesions, non-atrophic gastritis, and control groups. Demographic, clinical, and oral health variables were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between oral H. pylori detection and gastric cancer while adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, smoking status, oral hygiene indicators, and socioeconomic factors. Results: Oral H. pylori DNA was detected more frequently in participants with gastric cancer compared with controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, the presence of oral H. pylori was significantly associated with increased odds of gastric cancer. Interaction analysis suggested that individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances demonstrated higher rates of oral H. pylori detection, supporting the hypothesis that orthodontic biofilm retention may facilitate bacterial persistence within the oral cavity. Conclusions: Our findings support the concept of an oral–gastric microbial axis in H. pylori–associated disease and suggest that the oral cavity may represent a potential reservoir contributing to gastric infection dynamics. The presence of orthodontic appliances may influence oral microbial ecology and could play a role in sustaining H. pylori colonization. These results highlight the importance of interdisciplinary approaches integrating dentistry and gastroenterology in the understanding and management of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer risk.