The Pinus L. genus comprises around 250 species, being popular worldwide for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the P. halepensis Mill. essential oil (PNO) in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) environment as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. The AD-like symptoms were induced in Wistar male rats by intracerebroventricular administration of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42), and PNO (1% and 3%) was delivered to Aβ1-42 pre-treated rats via inhalation route for 21 consecutive days, 30 min before behavioral assessments. The obtained results indicate PNO’s potential to relieve anxious–depressive features and to restore redox imbalance in the rats exhibiting AD-like neuropsychiatric impairments. Moreover, PNO presented beneficial effects against neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis in the Aβ1-42 rat AD model.

Hammada scoparia (Pomel) is a powerful plant with important biological properties. In this study, we report on the green synthesis of silver-doped nickel and copper nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of H. scoparia leaf extract using a self-propagating sol–gel autocombustion process. The synthesized NiO, CuO, Ag-NiO, and Ag-CuO NPs were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Afterward, they were tested for their antimicrobial activity as well as their potential to remove dyes from aqueous solutions using adsorption processes for malachite green (MG) and photocatalytic degradation for methylene blue (MB). Our results showed that the mass of the adsorbent had a significant effect on the adsorption rate, which increased to reach a maximum value of 98%. The Ag-CuO NP showed the best final conversion of MB (97.95%) compared to NiO, CuO, and Ag-NiO. In addition, we noted that the NPs doped with silver had the best performance in the removal of dyes. These results indicated that the photocatalytic performance was significantly improved after the addition of silver. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity showed that the studied NPs had moderate activity against the tested bacteria and a weak activity or were ineffective against Candida albicans. Therefore, the green synthesis of NPs from H. scoparia leaf extract is considered a sustainable alternative to removing dyes from aqueous solutions. However, further investigation should be performed on the other dyes to understand the overall effectiveness of these NPs.

In the present work, the extraction and the variation of total phenolic and the flavonoid content of the Halimium halimifolium plant (the leaves and the stems) harvested from Morocco have been studied. It explores extracting the essential oil of this plant and analyzing its chemical composition by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Interesting results have been obtained, in particular, the presence of 26 compounds where the major one is (+)-2-Bornanone (38.26) followed by Eucalyptol (27.74). This essential oil proves great antioxidant capacities which is measured with the total antioxidant activity (TAC) and the organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. On the other hand, using solvents with different polarities (the hexane, the dichloromethane, the ethyl acetate, the ethanol, and the water), the quantifying of the total phenolic and the flavonoid content for different crude extracts of the Halimium halimifolium was done. The results show simultaneous increasing in the total phenolic content of the crude extract and the solvent polarity.

Tetraclinis articulata volatile phytocomplexes contain numerous bioactive terpenoids with neuroprotective potential; however, their efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related neuropsychiatric symptoms remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a Tetraclinis articulata-derived volatile phytocomplex (TLO) administered via inhalation at 1% and 3% concentrations for 21 consecutive days in a rat model of AD induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta 1–42 peptide (Aβ_1–42). Behavioral assessment revealed that both 1% and 3% TLO significantly ameliorated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, with effects comparable to diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. These behavioral improvements coincided with a partial restoration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the amygdala, whereas activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) levels remained unaffected. TLO also attenuated oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, thereby contributing to the recovery of redox homeostasis. Furthermore, TLO provided significant protection against Aβ_1–42-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, although it produced only minimal reductions in IL-1β expression, indicating limited anti-inflammatory effects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that inhaled TLO, particularly at 1% and 3%, alleviates Aβ_1–42-induced neuropsychiatric disturbances through antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and BDNF-associated mechanisms, supporting its potential as an adjuvant phytotherapeutic strategy for managing behavioral symptoms in AD.