Cassava is a food commodity widely cultivated and developed in North Maluku based on local wisdom, which is essential in supporting food security. This study aims to conduct an inventory and determine the use of cassava as an alternative food source in North Maluku. Inventory and characterization of activities carried out from March to December 2019. The method used was descriptive exploration with surveys, field observations, and interviews. The inventory results showed that North Maluku has the potential of cassava as a source of carbohydrates and alternative food to reduce dependence on people's rice consumption. A large amount of cassava production supports the possibility of providing local non-rice food sources in North Maluku. In addition, there were 13 local cassava accessions identified. Processed cassava into other food products had added value and encouraged increased consumption of this commodity as a non-rice local food commodity of strategic value. The government plays an essential role in the food diversification program to increase public awareness of consuming non-rice local food such as cassava. Kasbi sago is one of the typically processed cassava products and is widely consumed by the people of North Maluku.

The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesion performance of eight fast-growing wood species, namely, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea sp., Toona sinensis, Gmelina arborea, Pinus merkusii, Acacia mangium, and Acacia hybrid obtained from the tropical region. The wettability test was conducted by contact angle measurement, while the adhesion performance was expressed by strength retention (SR) and wood failure (WF) percentages through block shear tested under the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS). Results showed that smaller contact angle for P. falcataria followed by E. cyclocarpum, P. merkusii, T. sinensis, and Shorea indicated that the surfaces were easier to be glued than that of G. arborea, A. mangium, and A. hybrid. It is indicated that high wettability of P. falcataria, E. cyclocarpum, P. merkusii, T. sinensis, and Shorea resulted in the better adhesive spread and more intimate contact between the wood surface and the adhesive as shown by their high SR with high WF percentages.

The demand for clean water in Pekalongan City is rising due to population growth, urbanization, and industrial and hotel development. The scarcity of surface water and contamination of water sources are prompting residents to turn to groundwater. However, excessive groundwater use for domestic and industrial needs could potentially lead to problems like tidal waves and floods. Despite these risks, groundwater remains a crucial source of clean water for many. This study assesses community awareness and perceptions regarding the use and conservation of groundwater. The research, conducted from July to August 2023, involved a survey, comprehensive interviews, and field observations with 200 participants. A quantitative descriptive analysis and the Chi-Square test were applied to the data. Findings reveal that while most people recognize the adverse environmental impacts of groundwater exploitation and the necessity for its conservation, insufficient government outreach has led to poor conservation practices. The study also found a positive community perception towards groundwater use and its conservation. Although only a few respondents had low awareness, their attitudes could potentially affect overall community consciousness. A significant correlation between knowledge and public perception of groundwater use and its preservation was identified, suggesting that better understanding could bolster conservation efforts. Nonetheless, enhancements in various programs, particularly those related to groundwater conservation techniques like rainwater harvesting and public water utility (PDAM) initiatives, are essential.

Landuse changes without soil and water conservation-based, especially in the upstream watershed, can drive erosion and degraded land. It affects watershed management. Flood, sedimentation, and discharge fluctuation downstream of Ciujung Watershed are the effect of the degraded land upstream. It affects biophysical carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of the watershed becomes the basis for consideration in the watershed management plan. The purpose of this research is to study the biophysical carrying capacity of the upstream Ciujung Sub-basin. Biophysical aspects of watershed include percentage of degraded land, percentage of vegetation, erosion index, runoff regime coefficient, annual runoff coefficient, sedimentation, flood events, and water use index. It was scored based on Indonesia Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.61/Menhut-II/2014. The result showed that degraded land percentage, erosion index, yearly runoff coefficient, sedimentation, and flood event were severe, vegetation belongs to the very bad category, and water use index were in a medium stage. The carrying capacity in Ciujung Hulu Watershed was in poor condition with a score total of 140,5.

This chapter provides a comprehensive and context-specific assessment of sugarcane residue-based bioenergy in Indonesia, integrating resource quantification, spatial distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and conversion technologies within a single analytical framework. Unlike conventional review articles, it uniquely combines national-scale energy potential mapping with techno-economic and policy perspectives, highlighting the gap between theoretical potential (~1,295 MW) and actual utilization. The chapter advances the core argument that optimizing residue management and integrating conversion pathways – particularly high-efficiency cogeneration systems – can significantly enhance energy security and sustainability. By linking regional case studies, lifecycle considerations, and biorefinery concepts, it demonstrates how sugarcane residues can transition from underutilized waste to a strategic renewable energy resource. This integrative approach offers actionable insights for scaling bioenergy deployment in agro-industrial economies.

Farmers’ perceptions of improved rice varieties represent a critical initial step in their adoption as climate change adaptation strategies. This study examined farmers’ perceptions by integrating on-farm adaptive research, which compared the agronomic performance of rice varieties, with participatory approaches to capture farmers’ evaluation of improved varieties. A total of 81 farmers from climate-affected areas of Batang Regency were purposively selected as respondents. Data was collected through structured interviews and questionnaires administered during the evaluation of field demonstrations. Farmers’ perception levels were assessed using a Guttman scale and classified into three categories: high, medium, and low. Logistic regression analysis was subsequently employed to examine the relationship between farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics and their acceptance of improved rice varieties. The results indicate that, overall, farmers exhibited a low perception of improved rice varieties. Among the evaluated opinions, Inpari 32 HDB received the highest perception scores across all agronomic attributes. The regression results show that farm size and age significantly influence variety acceptance. The odds ratio for farm size (0.117) suggests that each additional hectare of cultivated land area reduces the likelihood of adopting improved rice varieties by approximately 88.3%, holding other factors constant. In contrast, the odds ratio for age (1.080) indicates that each additional year of age increases the probability of adoption by about 8%.