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Heat demand of buildings and related CO2 emissions caused by energy supply contribute to global climate change. Spatial data-based heat planning enables municipalities to reorganize local heating sectors towards efficient use of regional renewable energy resources. Here, annual heat demand of residential buildings is modeled and mapped for a German federal state to provide regional basic data. Using a 3D building stock model and standard values of building-type-specific heat demand from a regional building typology in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based bottom-up approach, a first base reference is modeled. Two spatial data sets with information on the construction period of residential buildings, aggregated on municipality sections and hectare grid cells, are used to show how census-based spatial data sets can enhance the approach. Partial results from all three models are validated against reported regional data on heat demand as well as against gas consumption of a municipality. All three models overestimate reported heat demand on regional levels by 16 to 19%, but underestimate demand by up to 8% on city levels. Using the hectare grid cells data set leads to best prediction accuracy values at municipality section level, showing the benefit of integrating this high detailed spatial data set on building age.
Malte Schwanebeck; Marcus Krüger; Rainer Duttmann. Improving GIS-Based Heat Demand Modelling and Mapping for Residential Buildings with Census Data Sets at Regional and Sub-Regional Scales. Energies 2021, 14, 1029 .
AMA StyleMalte Schwanebeck, Marcus Krüger, Rainer Duttmann. Improving GIS-Based Heat Demand Modelling and Mapping for Residential Buildings with Census Data Sets at Regional and Sub-Regional Scales. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Schwanebeck; Marcus Krüger; Rainer Duttmann. 2021. "Improving GIS-Based Heat Demand Modelling and Mapping for Residential Buildings with Census Data Sets at Regional and Sub-Regional Scales." Energies 14, no. 4: 1029.
Conservation agriculture may lead to increased penetration resistance due to soil compaction. To loosen the topsoil and lower the compaction, one-time inversion tillage (OTIT) is a measure frequently used in conservation agriculture. However, the duration of the positive effects of this measure on penetration resistance is sparsely known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior of penetration resistance after OTIT as an indicator for soil compaction. A field subdivided into three differently tilled plots (conventional tillage with moldboard plough to 30 cm depth (CT), reduced tillage with chisel plough to 25 cm depth (RT1) and reduced tillage with disk harrow to 10 cm depth (RT2)) served as study area. In 2014, the entire field was tilled by moldboard plough and penetration resistance was recorded in the following 5 years. The results showed that OTIT reduced the penetration resistance in both RT-plots and led to an approximation in all three plots. However, after 18 (RT2) and 30 months (RT1), the differences in penetration resistance were higher (p < 0.01) in both RT-plots compared to CT. Consequently, OTIT can effectively remove the compacted layer developed in conservation agriculture. However, the lasting effect seems to be relatively short.
Michael Kuhwald; Wolfgang B. Hamer; Joachim Brunotte; Rainer Duttmann. Soil Penetration Resistance after One-Time Inversion Tillage: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis at the Field Scale. Land 2020, 9, 482 .
AMA StyleMichael Kuhwald, Wolfgang B. Hamer, Joachim Brunotte, Rainer Duttmann. Soil Penetration Resistance after One-Time Inversion Tillage: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis at the Field Scale. Land. 2020; 9 (12):482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Kuhwald; Wolfgang B. Hamer; Joachim Brunotte; Rainer Duttmann. 2020. "Soil Penetration Resistance after One-Time Inversion Tillage: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis at the Field Scale." Land 9, no. 12: 482.
Avoiding soil compaction is one of the objectives to ensure sustainable agriculture. Subsoil compaction in particular can be irreversible. Frequent passages by (increasingly heavy) agricultural machinery are one trigger for compaction. The aim of this work is to map and analyze the extent of traffic intensity over four years. The analysis is made for complete seasons and individual operations. The traffic intensity is distinguished into areas with more than five wheel passes, more than 5 Mg and 3 Mg wheel load. From 2014 to 2018, 63 work processes on a field were recorded and the wheel load and wheel passes were modeled spatially with FiTraM. Between 82% (winter wheat) and 100% (sugar beet) of the total infield area is trafficked during a season. The sugar beet season has the highest intensities. High intensities of more than five wheel passes and more than 5 Mg wheel load occur mainly during harvests in the headland. At wheel load ≥3 Mg, soil tillage also stresses the headland. In summary, no work process stays below one of the upper thresholds set. Based on the results, the importance of a soil-conserving management becomes obvious in order to secure the soil for agriculture in a sustainable way.
Katja Augustin; Michael Kuhwald; Joachim Brunotte; Rainer Duttmann. Wheel Load and Wheel Pass Frequency as Indicators for Soil Compaction Risk: A Four-Year Analysis of Traffic Intensity at Field Scale. Geosciences 2020, 10, 292 .
AMA StyleKatja Augustin, Michael Kuhwald, Joachim Brunotte, Rainer Duttmann. Wheel Load and Wheel Pass Frequency as Indicators for Soil Compaction Risk: A Four-Year Analysis of Traffic Intensity at Field Scale. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (8):292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatja Augustin; Michael Kuhwald; Joachim Brunotte; Rainer Duttmann. 2020. "Wheel Load and Wheel Pass Frequency as Indicators for Soil Compaction Risk: A Four-Year Analysis of Traffic Intensity at Field Scale." Geosciences 10, no. 8: 292.
The Younger Quaternary erosion history was reconstructed in a catchment close to the Chalcolithic giant settlement Maidanetske, central Ukraine based on dated sediment sequences. Four trenches and a long percussion drill-core were analyzed in a valley grading from a Loess covered plateau towards the Talianky River. The sediments were dated by a combination of radiocarbon dating, optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and embedded artifacts. Although there is some weakness of numerical dating so far, a non-coincidence between phases of soil erosion and the local and regional settlement history over long periods of the Holocene is indicated. This, viewed in the light of the geographical setting of the site in the climate sensitive forest-steppe borderland, suggests climatically driven erosion processes. The detected phases of erosion coincide with global (cal 27.6 ± 1.3 kyrs BP, 12.0 ± 0.4 kyrs BP), northern hemispheric (cal 8.5 ± 0.3 kyrs BP), Mediterranean (cal 3.93 ± 0.1 kyrs BP) as well as western to central European (2700 to 2000 cal BP) climate anomalies. Increased occurrences of heavy precipitation events, probably during phases of a weakened vegetation cover, could explain the observed record. Investigations at additional sites in Eastern Europe are needed to verify the representativeness of the presented record from central Ukraine at a regional level. The composition of the sediments indicates changes of the slope-channel connectivity during the deposition history. Whereas the glacial to early Holocene and modern times sediments were derived from the whole catchment area, during the mid- to late-Holocene a tendency to lower slope storage of colluvial material and valley incision is indicated.
Stefan Dreibrodt; Robert Hofmann; György Sipos; Lorenz Schwark; Michail Videiko; Liudmyla Shatilo; Sarah Martini; Philipp Saggau; Hans-Rudolf Bork; Wiebke Kirleis; Rainer Duttmann; Johannes Müller. Holocene soil erosion in Eastern Europe-land use and/or climate controlled? The example of a catchment at the Giant Chalcolithic settlement at Maidanetske, central Ukraine. Geomorphology 2020, 367, 107302 .
AMA StyleStefan Dreibrodt, Robert Hofmann, György Sipos, Lorenz Schwark, Michail Videiko, Liudmyla Shatilo, Sarah Martini, Philipp Saggau, Hans-Rudolf Bork, Wiebke Kirleis, Rainer Duttmann, Johannes Müller. Holocene soil erosion in Eastern Europe-land use and/or climate controlled? The example of a catchment at the Giant Chalcolithic settlement at Maidanetske, central Ukraine. Geomorphology. 2020; 367 ():107302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Dreibrodt; Robert Hofmann; György Sipos; Lorenz Schwark; Michail Videiko; Liudmyla Shatilo; Sarah Martini; Philipp Saggau; Hans-Rudolf Bork; Wiebke Kirleis; Rainer Duttmann; Johannes Müller. 2020. "Holocene soil erosion in Eastern Europe-land use and/or climate controlled? The example of a catchment at the Giant Chalcolithic settlement at Maidanetske, central Ukraine." Geomorphology 367, no. : 107302.
Real-time identification of the occurrence of dangerous pathogens is of crucial importance for the rapid execution of countermeasures. For this purpose, spatial and temporal predictions of the spread of such pathogens are indispensable. The R package papros developed by the authors offers an environment in which both spatial and temporal predictions can be made, based on local data using various deterministic, geostatistical regionalisation, and machine learning methods. The approach is presented using the example of a crops infection by fungal pathogens, which can substantially reduce the yield if not treated in good time. The situation is made more difficult by the fact that it is particularly difficult to predict the behaviour of wind-dispersed pathogens, such as powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). To forecast pathogen development and spatial dispersal, a modelling process scheme was developed using the aforementioned R package, which combines regionalisation and machine learning techniques. It enables the prediction of the probability of yield- relevant infestation events for an entire federal state in northern Germany at a daily time scale. To run the models, weather and climate information are required, as is knowledge of the pathogen biology. Once fitted to the pathogen, only weather and climate information are necessary to predict such events, with an overall accuracy of 68% in the case of powdery mildew at a regional scale. Thereby, 91% of the observed powdery mildew events are predicted.
Wolfgang B. Hamer; Tim Birr; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Rainer Duttmann; Holger Klink. Spatio-Temporal Prediction of the Epidemic Spread of Dangerous Pathogens Using Machine Learning Methods. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 44 .
AMA StyleWolfgang B. Hamer, Tim Birr, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Rainer Duttmann, Holger Klink. Spatio-Temporal Prediction of the Epidemic Spread of Dangerous Pathogens Using Machine Learning Methods. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (1):44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolfgang B. Hamer; Tim Birr; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Rainer Duttmann; Holger Klink. 2020. "Spatio-Temporal Prediction of the Epidemic Spread of Dangerous Pathogens Using Machine Learning Methods." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1: 44.
Landschaft ist alltagsweltlich, aber auch wissenschaftlich fest verankert und wird häufig (durchaus normativ aufgeladen) stabil gedacht – als ‚einfach gegeben‘. Landschaft ist aber stets im Wandel begriffen, häufig in einem Sonderfall des Wandels, dem Prozess. Im Vergleich zum ungerichteten, häufig zufälligen und passiven Wandel sind Prozesse (in diesem Falle von Landschaft) stärker gerichtet und damit auch kontextualisierter. Prozesse finden sich insbesondere zwischen den unterschiedlichen Ebenen von Landschaft, der materiellen, der individuellen und der gesellschaftlichen. Besondere Aktualität erhalten Landschaftsprozesse durch sich im physischen Raum manifestierende gesellschaftliche Prozesse, etwa im Kontext der Energiewende. Ausgehend von dieser Einführung wenden sich die Beiträge im vorliegenden Sammelband den unterschiedlichen Perspektiven der Prozesshaftigkeit von Landschaft zu und differenzieren diese aus. Auf diese Weise soll eine weitere Facette zur neueren deutschsprachigen Landschaftsforschung beigetragen werden.
Rainer Duttmann; Olaf Kühne; Florian Weber. Landschaft als Prozess – eine Einführung. RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft 2020, 3 -13.
AMA StyleRainer Duttmann, Olaf Kühne, Florian Weber. Landschaft als Prozess – eine Einführung. RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft. 2020; ():3-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRainer Duttmann; Olaf Kühne; Florian Weber. 2020. "Landschaft als Prozess – eine Einführung." RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft , no. : 3-13.
Der Überblicksbeitrag stellt ausgewählte Konzeptionen der naturwissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Landschaftsforschung dar. Neben bewährten konzeptionellen und methodischen Ansätzen der physiogeographisch-ökologischen Landschaftssystemforschung aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum diskutiert er aktuelle internationale Entwicklungsstränge integrativer, d. h. inter- und transdisziplinär angelegter Konzeptionen zur Erfassung, Analyse, Bewertung und Modellierung landschaftsbezogener Mensch-Unwelt-Interaktionen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages stehen dabei solche Ansätze, denen ein komplex definierter Systemzusammenhang zugrunde liegt, der die Einflüsse des Menschen auf Landschaftsstruktur, -prozesse, -funktionen und -dienstleistungen immer mit erfasst und die räumlichen Konnektivitäten zwischen diesen skalenübergreifend abbildet. Vor diesem Hintergrund wirft der Beitrag einen Blick auf die in der Wissenschaft derzeit diskutierten „landscape approaches“ und auf Konzeptionen zur Etablierung einer inter- und transdiszplinären „landscape sustainability science“, als Brücke zwischen den naturwissenschaftlichen und ökologisch arbeitenden Disziplinen der Landschaftsforschung und den sozialwissenschaftlichen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Perpektive auf zukünftige Forschungsfelder der ökologischen Landschaftssystemforschung.
Rainer Duttmann. Naturwissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Prozesshaftigkeit von Landschaft – Ansätze der ökologischen Landschaftssystemforschung. RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft 2020, 17 -68.
AMA StyleRainer Duttmann. Naturwissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Prozesshaftigkeit von Landschaft – Ansätze der ökologischen Landschaftssystemforschung. RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft. 2020; ():17-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRainer Duttmann. 2020. "Naturwissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Prozesshaftigkeit von Landschaft – Ansätze der ökologischen Landschaftssystemforschung." RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft , no. : 17-68.
In this study, we present a modeling approach that investigates how much cultivable land was required to supply a society and whether societies were in need when environmental conditions deteriorated. The approach is implemented for the North-Eastern Peloponnese and is based upon the location of Late Helladic IIIB (1300--1200 BCE) archaeological sites, an assessment of their sizes, and a proposed diet of the people. Based on these information, the areal requirement of each site is calculated and mapped. The results show that large sites do not have sufficient space in their surroundings in order to supply themselves with the required food resources and thus they depended on supplies from the hinterland. Dry climatic conditions aggravate the situation. This indicates that potential societal crisis are less a factor of changing environmental conditions or a shortage of arable land but primarily caused by socio-economic factors.
Daniel Knitter; Gerrit Günther; Wolfgang Berengar Hamer; Torben Keßler; Joana Seguin; Ingmar Unkel; Erika Weiberg; Rainer Duttmann; Oliver Nakoinz. Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 125003 .
AMA StyleDaniel Knitter, Gerrit Günther, Wolfgang Berengar Hamer, Torben Keßler, Joana Seguin, Ingmar Unkel, Erika Weiberg, Rainer Duttmann, Oliver Nakoinz. Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (12):125003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Knitter; Gerrit Günther; Wolfgang Berengar Hamer; Torben Keßler; Joana Seguin; Ingmar Unkel; Erika Weiberg; Rainer Duttmann; Oliver Nakoinz. 2019. "Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12: 125003.
Location modeling, both inductive and deductive, is widely used in archaeology to predict or investigate the spatial distribution of sites. The commonality among these approaches is their consideration of only spatial effects of the first order (i.e., the interaction of the locations with the site characteristics). Second-order effects (i.e., the interaction of locations with each other) are rarely considered. We introduce a deductive approach to investigating such second-order effects using linguistic hypotheses about settling behavior in the Final Palaeolithic. A Poisson process was used to simulate a point distribution using expert knowledge of two distinct hunter–gatherer groups, namely, reindeer hunters and elk hunters. The modeled points and point densities were compared with the actual finds. The G-, F-, and K-function, which allow for the identification of second-order effects of varying intensity for different periods, were applied. The results reveal differences between the two investigated groups, with the reindeer hunters showing location-related interaction patterns, indicating a spatial memory of the preferred locations over an extended period of time. Overall, this paper shows that second-order effects occur in the geographical modeling of archaeological finds and should be taken into account by using approaches such as the one presented in this paper.
Wolfgang B. Hamer; Daniel Knitter; Sonja B. Grimm; Benjamin Serbe; Berit Valentin Eriksen; Oliver Nakoinz; Rainer Duttmann. Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany. Geosciences 2019, 9, 430 .
AMA StyleWolfgang B. Hamer, Daniel Knitter, Sonja B. Grimm, Benjamin Serbe, Berit Valentin Eriksen, Oliver Nakoinz, Rainer Duttmann. Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (10):430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolfgang B. Hamer; Daniel Knitter; Sonja B. Grimm; Benjamin Serbe; Berit Valentin Eriksen; Oliver Nakoinz; Rainer Duttmann. 2019. "Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany." Geosciences 9, no. 10: 430.
Collaborative management is increasingly applied to indicate environmental and socio-economic negotiations in every corner of the world. The engagement of multiple stakeholders accompanying experience, science, and economy probing skills is expected to unravel such issues. However, the collaborative approaches to manage existing issues at watershed scale have not been adequately applied. Therefore, the present study has exemplified the establishment of a comanagement framework for the soil management for two case studies i.e., Schleswig-Holstein State of Germany and Galazchai Watershed of Iran using a stakeholder oriented approach applying game theory based methods. Due to management perspectives, different stakeholder groups were involved to investigate effective soil conservation practices. Farmers, consultants, and service providing companies in Germany and residents, policy making institutions and executive organizations in Iran were detected as key stakeholders. The Condorcet and Fallback bargaining methods were used to diagnosis agreement point. Based upon the results, the developed case study in Germany demonstrated close relation among farmers and consultants (53%) in contrast with service providing companies. The same situation was observed among residents and policy makers in Iran. Besides, the tendency to implement mechanical practices among farmers in Iran was about 60% (149 of 243), however, in Germany 86% of farmers prefer to use managerial practices.
Maryam Adhami; Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi; Rainer Duttmann; Majid Sheikhmohammady. Best soil comanagement practices for two watersheds in Germany and Iran using game theory-based approaches. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 698, 134265 .
AMA StyleMaryam Adhami, Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Rainer Duttmann, Majid Sheikhmohammady. Best soil comanagement practices for two watersheds in Germany and Iran using game theory-based approaches. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 698 ():134265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryam Adhami; Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi; Rainer Duttmann; Majid Sheikhmohammady. 2019. "Best soil comanagement practices for two watersheds in Germany and Iran using game theory-based approaches." Science of The Total Environment 698, no. : 134265.
Soil erosion by water is one of the main soil degradation processes worldwide, which leads to declines in natural soil fertility and productivity especially on arable land. Despite advances in soil erosion modelling, the effects of compacted tramlines are usually not considered. However, tramlines noticeably contribute to the amount of soil eroded inside a field. To quantify these effects we incorporated high-resolution spatial tramline data into modelling. For simulation, the process-based soil erosion model EROSION3D has been applied on different fields for a single rainfall event. To find a reasonable balance between computing time and prediction quality, different grid cell sizes (5, 1, and 0.5 m) were used and modelling results were compared against measured soil loss. We found that (i) grid-based models like E3D are able to integrate tramlines, (ii) the share of measured erosion between tramline and cultivated areas fits well with measurements for resolution ≤1 m, (iii) tramline erosion showed a high dependency to the slope angle and (iv) soil loss and runoff are generated quicker within tramlines during the event. The results indicate that the integration of tramlines in soil erosion modelling improves the spatial prediction accuracy, and therefore, can be important for soil conservation planning.
Philipp Saggau; Michael Kuhwald; Rainer Duttmann. Integrating Soil Compaction Impacts of Tramlines Into Soil Erosion Modelling: A Field-Scale Approach. Soil Systems 2019, 3, 51 .
AMA StylePhilipp Saggau, Michael Kuhwald, Rainer Duttmann. Integrating Soil Compaction Impacts of Tramlines Into Soil Erosion Modelling: A Field-Scale Approach. Soil Systems. 2019; 3 (3):51.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilipp Saggau; Michael Kuhwald; Rainer Duttmann. 2019. "Integrating Soil Compaction Impacts of Tramlines Into Soil Erosion Modelling: A Field-Scale Approach." Soil Systems 3, no. 3: 51.
The increasing use of biogas, produced from energy crops like silage maize, is supposed to noticeably change the structures and patterns of agricultural landscapes in Europe. The main objective of our study is to quantify this assumed impact of intensive biogas production with the example of an agrarian landscape in Northern Germany. Therefore, we used three different datasets; Corine Land Cover (CLC), local agricultural statistics (Agrar-Struktur-Erhebung, ASE), and data on biogas power plants. Via kernel density analysis, we delineated impact zones which represent different levels of bioenergy-generated transformations of agrarian landscapes. We cross-checked the results by the analyses of the land cover and landscape pattern changes from 2000 to 2012 inside the impact zones. We found significant correlations between the installed electrical capacity (IC) and land cover changes. According to our findings, the landscape pattern of cropland—expressed via landscape metrics (mean patch size (MPS), total edge (TE), mean shape index (MSI), mean fractal dimension index (MFRACT)—increased and that of pastures decreased since the beginning of biogas production. Moreover, our study indicates that the increasing number of biogas power plants in certain areas is accompanied with a continuous reduction in crop diversity and a homogenization of land use in the same areas. We found maximum degrees of land use homogenisation in areas with highest IC. Our results show that a Kernel density map of the IC of biogas power plants might offer a suitable first indicator for monitoring and quantifying landscape change induced by biogas production.
Nandor Csikos; Malte Schwanebeck; Michael Kuhwald; Peter Szilassi; Rainer Duttmann. Density of Biogas Power Plants as An Indicator of Bioenergy Generated Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2500 .
AMA StyleNandor Csikos, Malte Schwanebeck, Michael Kuhwald, Peter Szilassi, Rainer Duttmann. Density of Biogas Power Plants as An Indicator of Bioenergy Generated Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNandor Csikos; Malte Schwanebeck; Michael Kuhwald; Peter Szilassi; Rainer Duttmann. 2019. "Density of Biogas Power Plants as An Indicator of Bioenergy Generated Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2500.
Societies undergo continuous dynamics and change. By investigating the spatial structure of societal remains and material culture, we tried to get insights into the processes of their landscapes creation. Ritual practices, economic strategies, or the societal structure are stored in the landscape as a form of cultural contextualization. We presumed that changes of these will be strongest during phases of transformation and investigated to which degree transformation processes are mirrored in the spatial structure of material remains. Absolute and relative locations were investigated using data from Neolithic domestic and ritual sites in Wagrien, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The results showed that transformations have a different influence on ritual and domestic locations: There are no discernible influences on the choice of relative domestic site locations, in contrast to ritual sites, whose relative location changes as a result of sociocultural transformations. This illustrates the importance of cultural and socioeconomic functions of individual sites and shows that transformations, even when they impact the fundamental structure of a society, do act on different relative and absolute scales and spheres.
Daniel Knitter; Jan Piet Brozio; Wolfgang Hamer; Rainer Duttmann; Johannes Müller; Oliver Nakoinz. Transformations and Site Locations from a Landscape Archaeological Perspective: The Case of Neolithic Wagrien, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Land 2019, 8, 68 .
AMA StyleDaniel Knitter, Jan Piet Brozio, Wolfgang Hamer, Rainer Duttmann, Johannes Müller, Oliver Nakoinz. Transformations and Site Locations from a Landscape Archaeological Perspective: The Case of Neolithic Wagrien, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Land. 2019; 8 (4):68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Knitter; Jan Piet Brozio; Wolfgang Hamer; Rainer Duttmann; Johannes Müller; Oliver Nakoinz. 2019. "Transformations and Site Locations from a Landscape Archaeological Perspective: The Case of Neolithic Wagrien, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany." Land 8, no. 4: 68.
Soil compaction caused by field traffic is one of the main threats to agricultural landscapes. Compacted soils have a reduced hydraulic conductivity, lower plant growth and increased surface runoff resulting in numerous environmental issues such as increased nutrient leaching and flood risk. Mitigating soil compaction, therefore, is a major goal for a sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. To prevent undesirable effects of field traffic, it is essential to know where and when soil compaction may occur. This study developed a model for soil compaction risk assessment of arable soils at regional scale. A combination of (i) soil, weather, crop type and machinery information; (ii) a soil moisture model and (iii) soil compaction models forms the SaSCiA-model (Spatially explicit Soil Compaction risk Assessment). The SaSCiA-model computes daily maps of soil compaction risk and associated area statistics for varying depths at actual field conditions and for entire regions. Applications with open access data in two different study areas in northern Germany demonstrated the model’s applicability. Soil compaction risks strongly varied in space and time throughout the year. SaSCiA allows a detailed spatio-temporal analysis of soil compaction risk at the regional scale, which exceed those of currently available models. Applying SaSCiA may support farmers, stakeholders and consultants in making decision for a more sustainable agriculture.
Michael Kuhwald; Katja Dörnhöfer; Natascha Oppelt; Rainer Duttmann. Spatially Explicit Soil Compaction Risk Assessment of Arable Soils at Regional Scale: The SaSCiA-Model. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1618 .
AMA StyleMichael Kuhwald, Katja Dörnhöfer, Natascha Oppelt, Rainer Duttmann. Spatially Explicit Soil Compaction Risk Assessment of Arable Soils at Regional Scale: The SaSCiA-Model. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Kuhwald; Katja Dörnhöfer; Natascha Oppelt; Rainer Duttmann. 2018. "Spatially Explicit Soil Compaction Risk Assessment of Arable Soils at Regional Scale: The SaSCiA-Model." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1618.
This study examines the impact of changing climatic conditions on groundwater recharge in the Riu Mannu catchment in southern Sardinia. Based on an ensemble of four downscaled and bias corrected combinations of Global and Regional Climate Models (GCM-RCMs), the deterministic distributed water balance model mGROWA was used to simulate long-term mean annual groundwater recharge in the catchment for four 30-year periods between 1981 and 2100. The four employed GCM-RCM combinations project an adverse climatic development for the study area: by the period 2071-2100, annual rainfall will decrease considerably, while grass reference evapotranspiration will rise. Accordingly, ensemble results for our base scenario showed a climate-induced decrease in the median of annual groundwater recharge in areas covered by Macchia from 42-48mm/a to 25-35mm/a between the periods 1981-2010 and 2071-2100, corresponding to a reduction of 17-43%. To take into account the influence of additional plant available water storage in weathered bedrock on groundwater recharge generation, the model was extended by a regolith zone for regions covered by Mediterranean Macchia. In a set of model runs ("scenarios"), parameter values controlling the water storage capacity of this zone were increased step-wise and evaluated by comparison to the base scenario to analyze the sensitivity of the model outcome to these changes. The implementation of a regolith zone had a considerable impact on groundwater recharge and resulted in a decrease of the median in annual groundwater recharge: by 2071-2100, the 35% scenario (available water content in the regolith of 3.9 to 5.7vol.%) showed a reduction of 67-82% as compared to the period 1981-2010 in the base scenario. In addition, we also examined the influence of changes in the crop coefficients (Kc) as well as different soil texture distributions on simulated groundwater recharge.
L. Ehlers; F. Herrmann; M. Blaschek; R. Duttmann; F. Wendland. Sensitivity of mGROWA-simulated groundwater recharge to changes in soil and land use parameters in a Mediterranean environment and conclusions in view of ensemble-based climate impact simulations. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 543, 937 -951.
AMA StyleL. Ehlers, F. Herrmann, M. Blaschek, R. Duttmann, F. Wendland. Sensitivity of mGROWA-simulated groundwater recharge to changes in soil and land use parameters in a Mediterranean environment and conclusions in view of ensemble-based climate impact simulations. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 543 ():937-951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Ehlers; F. Herrmann; M. Blaschek; R. Duttmann; F. Wendland. 2016. "Sensitivity of mGROWA-simulated groundwater recharge to changes in soil and land use parameters in a Mediterranean environment and conclusions in view of ensemble-based climate impact simulations." Science of The Total Environment 543, no. : 937-951.
According to current climate projections, Mediterranean countries are at high risk for an even pronounced susceptibility to changes in the hydrological budget and extremes. These changes are expected to have severe direct impacts on the management of water resources, agricultural productivity and drinking water supply. Current projections of future hydrological change, based on regional climate model results and subsequent hydrological modeling schemes, are very uncertain and poorly validated. The Rio Mannu di San Sperate Basin, located in Sardinia, Italy, is one test site of the CLIMB project. The Water Simulation Model (WaSiM) was set up to model current and future hydrological conditions. The availability of measured meteorological and hydrological data is poor as it is common for many Mediterranean catchments. In this study we conducted a soil sampling campaign in the Rio Mannu catchment. We tested different deterministic and hybrid geostatistical interpolation methods on soil textures and tested the performance of the applied models. We calculated a new soil texture map based on the best prediction method. The soil model in WaSiM was set up with the improved new soil information. The simulation results were compared to standard soil parametrization. WaSiMs was validated with spatial evapotranspiration rates using the triangle method (Jiang and Islam, 1999). WaSiM was driven with the meteorological forcing taken from 4 different ENSEMBLES climate projections for a reference (1971-2000) and a future (2041-2070) times series. The climate change impact was assessed based on differences between reference and future time series. The simulated results show a reduction of all hydrological quantities in the future in the spring season. Furthermore simulation results reveal an earlier onset of dry conditions in the catchment. We show that a solid soil model setup based on short-term field measurements can improve long-term modeling results, which is especially important in ungauged catchments.
Swen Meyer; Michael Blaschek; Rainer Duttmann; Ralf Ludwig. Improved hydrological model parametrization for climate change impact assessment under data scarcity — The potential of field monitoring techniques and geostatistics. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 543, 906 -923.
AMA StyleSwen Meyer, Michael Blaschek, Rainer Duttmann, Ralf Ludwig. Improved hydrological model parametrization for climate change impact assessment under data scarcity — The potential of field monitoring techniques and geostatistics. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 543 ():906-923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSwen Meyer; Michael Blaschek; Rainer Duttmann; Ralf Ludwig. 2016. "Improved hydrological model parametrization for climate change impact assessment under data scarcity — The potential of field monitoring techniques and geostatistics." Science of The Total Environment 543, no. : 906-923.
Reducing the traffic intensity and the mitigation of unnecessary traffic especially with heavy vehicles and high ground contact stress are basic requirements for preventing harmful soil compaction. This study focuses on quantifying traffic intensity and evaluating soil compaction risks during silage maize (Zea mays L.) harvest. Based on GPS data recorded by farm vehicles used on two study fields, wheel track patterns and the corresponding contact stresses have been modeled, using empirical approaches. Modeling the wheel track patterns considers the vehicle characteristics (e.g., axle width, tire type and size, and machine weight), and the changes in wheel load and contact stress during loading. The modeling results reveal that up to 62.8% of the field area had been trafficked during a single harvest. Between 16.4 and 26.8% of the field had been subjected to contact stresses exceeding 100 kPa. The actual vehicle-induced stresses calculated for the wheel track patterns were applied to model the stress distribution inside of the soil according to a method described by Horn and Fleige. The susceptibility of wheeled soil horizons to soil compaction was derived from a ratio between precompression stress and soil stress, which provides a useful measure of effective soil strength. Based on three scenarios, this article discusses how geospatial simulations might contribute to soil sustainability through an improved management of field traffic. Simulation results suggest that the risk of plastic subsoil deformation might be reduced from about 70% (related to the wheel track area) at water saturation to <5% at a matric potential of pF 2.5. Copyright © 2014. . Copyright © by the Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
Rainer Duttmann; Malte Schwanebeck; Michael Nolde; Rainer Horn. Predicting Soil Compaction Risks Related to Field Traffic during Silage Maize Harvest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, 408 -421.
AMA StyleRainer Duttmann, Malte Schwanebeck, Michael Nolde, Rainer Horn. Predicting Soil Compaction Risks Related to Field Traffic during Silage Maize Harvest. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2014; 78 (2):408-421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRainer Duttmann; Malte Schwanebeck; Michael Nolde; Rainer Horn. 2014. "Predicting Soil Compaction Risks Related to Field Traffic during Silage Maize Harvest." Soil Science Society of America Journal 78, no. 2: 408-421.
Within an investigation on the geoarchaeological reconstruction of aeolian landscape development in Northern Germany, three different 3D visualization software products (Autodesk® 3ds Max®, Visual Nature Studiotm2.86, a3Dc) have been applied in order to visualize and, thus, communicate scientific results to the public and the scientific community alike. By using offline and online rendering systems, scientifically sound visualizations are presented on different geographical scales and with varying interactive functionalities. This bridging of geoarchaeological and geovisualization techniques will aid researchers and the broad public to gain a deeper insight into humaninduced changes of landscapes in the past.
Uta Lungershausen; Carina Heinrich; Rainer Duttmann; Geomatik Rolf Gabler-Mieck. Turning Human-nature Interaction into 3D Landscape Scenes: An Approach to Communicate Geoarchaeological Research. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 2013, 63, 269 -275.
AMA StyleUta Lungershausen, Carina Heinrich, Rainer Duttmann, Geomatik Rolf Gabler-Mieck. Turning Human-nature Interaction into 3D Landscape Scenes: An Approach to Communicate Geoarchaeological Research. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information. 2013; 63 (5):269-275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUta Lungershausen; Carina Heinrich; Rainer Duttmann; Geomatik Rolf Gabler-Mieck. 2013. "Turning Human-nature Interaction into 3D Landscape Scenes: An Approach to Communicate Geoarchaeological Research." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 63, no. 5: 269-275.
Heiner Fleige; Karsten Krüger; Stephan Gebhardt; Rainer Horn; Rainer Duttmann. Böden. Eiderstedt 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleHeiner Fleige, Karsten Krüger, Stephan Gebhardt, Rainer Horn, Rainer Duttmann. Böden. Eiderstedt. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeiner Fleige; Karsten Krüger; Stephan Gebhardt; Rainer Horn; Rainer Duttmann. 2013. "Böden." Eiderstedt , no. : 1.
One of the key measures for preventing harmful soil compaction in agricultural fields is to reduce of the intensity of field traffic. This holds especially true for field traffic with a high wheel load, which is typical for harvest operations. The aim of this study was to model the spatial patterns of traffic intensity as related to soil compaction in a silage maize field during harvest, taking into account the changes in wheel load and mean ground contact pressure along the single loading sections. Based on GPS data that was recorded for each farm vehicle employed on the study fields and on the respective vehicle characteristics (such as axle width, tire type and size, and machine weight), the percentage of ground area wheeled at a specific load and contact pressure has been calculated using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of this study reveal that almost 62.8% of the field area had been wheeled by the harvester and the transportation vehicles. About 66% of the total wheel track area had been rolled over more than two times. Nearly 48% of this area had been wheeled at least once with a maximum mean ground contact pressure that exceeded 87 kPa. Regarding the wheel load, it was found that about 43.8% of the field area had been wheeled at least once with a maximum wheel load between 50 and 62.5 kN. The wheel track patterns modeled for the transport vehicles have been subdivided into route sections used under full and empty load and during loading in order to detect unnecessary traffic related to each of these sections. Spatial analysis identified the courses and lengths of the return routes of fully loaded transport vehicles as the main routes of (avoidable) soil stress caused by high wheel loads and high ground contact pressures. More than 50% of the return routes covered a distance >175 m. This could be reduced by optimizing the length of harvest sections as well as by rearranging the field geometry.
Rainer Duttmann; Joachim Brunotte; Michaela Bach. Spatial analyses of field traffic intensity and modeling of changes in wheel load and ground contact pressure in individual fields during a silage maize harvest. Soil and Tillage Research 2013, 126, 100 -111.
AMA StyleRainer Duttmann, Joachim Brunotte, Michaela Bach. Spatial analyses of field traffic intensity and modeling of changes in wheel load and ground contact pressure in individual fields during a silage maize harvest. Soil and Tillage Research. 2013; 126 ():100-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRainer Duttmann; Joachim Brunotte; Michaela Bach. 2013. "Spatial analyses of field traffic intensity and modeling of changes in wheel load and ground contact pressure in individual fields during a silage maize harvest." Soil and Tillage Research 126, no. : 100-111.