In light of the environmental impact of disposable products made from petroleum-based plastics, this study focused on developing biodegradable foam trays made from a starch (PS) derived from potato waste and beer malt flour (BMBF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of BMBF on the physical and mechanical properties of potato starch-based foam trays prepared by the thermoforming process at temperatures of 150 °C (upper plate) and 145 °C (lower plate) for 5 min and 40 s. The results showed that increasing the BMBF concentration from 0 to 40% reduced the moisture content from 4.68% to 3.42%, increased the thickness from 2.63 cm to 4.77 cm, and decreased the density from 0.28 g.cm⁻³ to 0.15 g.cm⁻³. Meanwhile, the water absorption capacity increased from 38.7% to 69.7%. In terms of mechanical properties, increasing the BMBF concentration in the PS foam tray resulted in a decrease in hardness from 5.61 N to 2.87 N, a decrease in tensile strength from 2.92 MPa to 0.85 MPa, and a decrease in elongation from 1.42% to 0.59%. Meanwhile, fracturability increased from 2.04 mm to 3.68 mm. FTIR analysis revealed interactions between BMBF and PS in the composite foam tray. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed two thermal events: one between 20.96 °C and 172.89 °C, and another between 189.14 °C and 517.69 °C, with weight losses of 5.53% and 74.23%, leaving an ash residue of 20.24%. Differential calorimetry analysis (DSC) showed a glass transition at 152.88 °C and a melting at 185.94 °C, with an enthalpy of fusion of 74.11 J.g⁻¹. Higher concentrations of BMBF (>10%) decreased the water resistance, mechanical strength, and flexibility of the PS foam trays. Therefore, a formulation of 90% PS and 10% BMBF was better for producing a foam tray with improved mechanical properties and water resistance, which could be used as a sustainable alternative to conventional single-use plastic.

The environmental impact of polystyrene and other petrochemical packaging has increased interest in researching biodegradable materials as alternatives. The main objective of this research was to develop biodegradable trays from five formulations of Poraqueiba sericea Tulasne (known as umari) seed starch and corn cob meal. The trays were produced using the thermoforming process applying temperatures of 135°C and 145°C for each side of the tray for a time of 6.5 min. Physical analysis of the trays showed that the increase in the percentage of corn cob flour caused changes in color (L*: 68.69 - 64.94), thickness (2.20 - 3.17 mm), density (0.251 - 0.414 g/cm3), moisture (3.85 - 5.68%), water absorption (21.86 - 39.05%), volatile solids (95.33 - 98.31%). Regarding mechanical properties, it was also evidenced the increase in hardness (67.70 - 90.97 N), fracturability (1.43 and 3.19 mm), tension (2.84 to 3.43 MPa) and elongation (1.54 to 2.04%). The formulation of 87.5% umari seed starch and 12.5% tusa flour presented more favorable physical and mechanical properties. Further analysis of this formulation was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified bands characteristic of starch (1055 and 1027 cm-1); X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed characteristic peaks (2θ = 16.83° and 2θ = 22.69°) associated with cellulose crystallinity in the biodegradable tray; and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed cellulosic voids with irregular distribution due to the addition of fibers. Future research should examine the potential applications of these biodegradable trays for the packaging of raw materials in the food industry.

Capsicum seed waste is an underutilized agro-industrial biomass with considerable potential for the recovery of oils, proteins, phenolic compounds, capsaicinoids, peptides, and other value-added fractions. This study evaluates advanced separation technologies for valorization in a cascade biorefinery, with an emphasis on extraction yield, selectivity, product functionality, sustainability, and technological scalability. A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, and the retrieved records were merged and processed using R (version 4.6.1) in RStudio (version 2026.01.2+418) Study selection and presentation were aligned with the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 82 studies included for thematic analysis. The evidence indicates that ultrasound-assisted, enzymatic, aqueous oleosome, pressure-based, membrane, and chromatographic approaches can improve the recovery and selective separation of valuable seed-derived fractions. The reported experimental results include an oleosome recovery of 66.96% by weight, with a potential recovery approaching 90% by weight, and a 73.5% increase in extraction recovery after enzyme-assisted processing. Protein modification and fractionation have also demonstrated opportunities for the development of functional ingredients, bioactive fractions, and biomaterials. However, limited pilot-scale validation, process integration, standardization, techno-economic feasibility, and life-cycle assessments constrain industrial implementation. Future research must prioritize scalable, closed-loop cascade strategies to minimize energy use, solvent consumption, and environmental footprint while maximizing biomass conversion.

Capsicum seed waste is an underutilized agro-industrial biomass with considerable po-tential for the recovery of oils, proteins, phenolic compounds, capsaicinoids, peptides, and other value-added fractions. This study evaluates advanced separation technolo-gies for valorization in a cascade biorefinery, with an emphasis on extraction yield, se-lectivity, product functionality, sustainability, and technological scalability. A system-atic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, and the retrieved records were merged and processed using RStudio. Study selection and presentation were aligned with the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 82 studies included for thematic analysis. The evidence indicates that ultrasound-assisted, enzymatic, aqueous oleo-some, pressure-based, membrane, and chromatographic approaches can improve the recovery and selective separation of valuable seed-derived fractions. The reported ex-perimental results include an oleosome recovery of 66.96% by weight, with a potential recovery approaching 90% by weight, and a 73.5% increase in extraction recovery after enzyme-assisted processing. Protein modification and fractionation have also demon-strated opportunities for the development of functional ingredients, bioactive frac-tions, and biomaterials. However, limited pilot-scale validation, process integration, standardization, techno-economic feasibility, and life-cycle assessments constrain in-dustrial implementation. Future research must prioritize scalable, closed-loop cascade strategies to minimize energy use, solvent consumption, and environmental footprint while maximizing biomass conversion.

The present work search the influence of the Edward and Kent mango varieties, in degrees of maturity partially ripe and ripe respectively, on the antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of mango seed oil (Mangifera indica L.), previously extracted by pressing in cold, clarified by centrifugation, and stored in refrigeration under nitrogen atmosphere. The antioxidant capacity is determine by DPPH method, the oxidative stability by the Rancimat test with temperature parameters 130, 140 and 150 °C, and airflow 15 L/h. The results are evaluate by ANOVA (p˂0, 05) finding in the antioxidant capacity and other analyzes made a significant difference with a level of 95% confidence in the variables of variety and degree of maturity. Regarding the influence, the relationship will be determined that in a mature degree of maturity has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic), and a lower content of total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability. Being the oil of the variety Edward in degree of maturity ripe the most stable due to low value of the peroxide index (0,898 meq O2 / kg), acidity (1,1856%), and the higher content of total polyphenols (8,5931 mg GAE /100g) and antioxidant capacity (263,858 umoltrolox /100g), with a lifetime of 12,89 years.