Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) serving as a tool to measure injury severity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GCS admission scores and various socio-demographic, clinical, injury-related, and hospital-related variables in patients with TBI across two tertiary care centers in Eastern Europe, a region that remains underrepresented in the literature. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from 119 TBI patients admitted between March 2020 and June 2023 at Cluj County Emergency Hospital (Romania) and Saint Vincent Hospital (Poland). GCS scores were analyzed as both categorical and continuous variables. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests for group comparisons and Spearman correlations for continuous variables. Results: Most patients included suffered a mild TBI (GCS score between 13 and 15). There were significant associations between GCS scores and post-traumatic amnesia (p < 0.05), discharge status (p < 0.01), discharge destination (p < 0.01), and education level (p < 0.01). GCS scores at admission were linked to survival, absence of post-traumatic amnesia, higher education levels, and home discharge. No significant differences observed across sex, residence, employment status, injury type, cause, or mechanism of injury. A weak but significant negative correlation was observed between GCS and length of hospital stay (rho = −0.229, p > 0.05), while age showed a non-significant correlation. Conclusions: The GCS score at admission is significantly associated with various clinical and socio-demographic outcomes in TBI patients, supporting the utility of the GCS score as a prognostic tool. The predominance of mild cases and the absence of radiological data, such as cerebral contusions or epidural or subdural hematomas, limit the generalizability of the findings. Further studies with larger samples and comprehensive imaging data are necessary to validate these findings.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global public health issue, with long-term impacts on patients. This study examines the relationship between TBI severity, as measured by the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) at admission, and various sociodemographic, clinical, and injury-related factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from 164 adult TBI patients. All were admitted between March 2020 and June 2023 to two Eastern European tertiary hospitals. Variables included sex, age, education, employment, marital status, injury type and cause, place of injury, and clinical measures such as the Marshall score, AIS, and ISS. Statistical methods included Pearson’s Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Most patients were male (65.9%), retired (59.8%), and urban residents (73.8%), with a mean age of 64.98 years. The most frequent mechanism of injury was falls (76.2%), typically occurring at home (61%). The predominant injury type was closed head trauma (93.3%). Most patients had mild AIS scores (75%), and the mean ISS was 6.52 (SD: 4.55). Statistically significant group differences were found for AIS among categories of Modified Marshall Score, injury type, and education categories and for ISS among categories of the Modified Marshall Score, injury type, cause and place of injury, employment status, and sex. No significant correlations were found between AIS or ISS and age or hospital length of stay. Conclusions: AIS is more anatomically focused. ISS reflects broader systemic injury patterns and is more influenced by contextual factors. These findings are particularly relevant for the Eastern European population and can help develop better healthcare policies for the region.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading health concerns worldwide, and it is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. This study aimed to assess inpatient cost determinant factors among TBI patients admitted to an Eastern European hospital, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Romania, in 2022. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 90 TBI patients. Data on demographic factors, clinical variables, injury characteristics, and inpatient hospital costs were collected. Inpatient total cost differences considering categorical variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and correlations of inpatient total costs with other continuous variables were analyzed using Spearman correlations. Results: Most patients were male (67.8%), urban residents (67.8%), retired (64.4%), and had a mild TBI (96.7%), and the main listed cause was falls (74.4%). The average inpatient cost was EUR 1115.79. There were no statistically significant differences for costs in TBI severity, PTA, or comorbidities. Inpatient costs were correlated with hospital length of stay (ρ = 0.979, 95% CI rho: 0.969 and 986, p < 0.001). While higher costs were seen in patients with PTA, more comorbidities, severe Marshall Scores, or return-to-work status, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is needed to better understand the cost structure of TBI care and to inform policy decisions that are aimed at resource allocation and cost efficiency.