This article investigates the determinants of bank profitability in Vietnam covering the period from 2006 to 2014. Employing a number of econometric panel data methods with a unique dataset, the findings of the article indicate that bank size, capital adequacy, risk, expense, and productivity have strong impacts on profitability. We also find that bank industry characteristics and macroeconomic variables affect bank profitability. However, we find that the direction of causality is not uniform across profitability measures.