Objectives: This study investigated the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of lingual bracket indirect bonding trays and its association with bracket transfer accuracy using three-dimensional (3D) printing. Methods: Digital impressions of patient’s dental arches were captured using an intraoral scanner, and orthodontic setups were virtually constructed. Brackets were virtually positioned in their ideal locations using the digital setups guided by virtual archwire templates. Indirect bonding trays were automatically generated using the AI-powered Auto Creation function of the Medit Splints application, which analyzes anatomical features to streamline design. Bracket transfer accuracy was evaluated in vivo by comparing planned and actual bracket positions across grouped and individual tray configurations. Linear and angular deviations were measured using conventional 3D inspection software. Results: Most bracket transfer errors were within clinically acceptable thresholds, although torque accuracy remained suboptimal. Grouped trays generally exhibited greater precision than individual trays in several dimensions. Conclusions: These findings support the application of AI-assisted design tools to enhance digital workflows and improve consistency in appliance fabrication.

Background: Dental anxiety often poses a significant barrier to effective dental care in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral midazolam at two different doses for sedation and amnesia in preschool children undergoing dental procedures under 30 min, including primary teeth extraction, root canal treatment, dental filling, and stainless-steel crown. Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial included 80 children aged 3–6 years with dental anxiety (Types 1 and 2 of the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale) at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi. following the CONSORT guidelines. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral midazolam at 0.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/kg. Sedation efficacy, onset time, procedure duration, cooperation level (Houpt Behavior Rating Scale), recovery time, and amnesia at 12 h, 24 h, and 1 week, as well as adverse events, were recorded and analyzed. Results: Both midazolam doses were effective for sedation (0.3 mg/kg: 95% vs. 0.6 mg/kg: 100%, p = 0.49). The higher dose (0.6 mg/kg) provided significantly longer effective procedural time (27.3 ± 4.1 min vs. 20.3 ± 4.0 min, p < 0.001) and better patient cooperation (95% vs. 78.9%, p = 0.045), but slightly prolonged recovery time (34.6 ± 4.6 min vs. 31.8 ± 4.4 min, p = 0.008). Both doses produced similar amnesic effects, with approximately 90% anterograde amnesia at 12 h post-procedure. Adverse events were minimal and mild. Conclusions: Both 0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg doses of oral midazolam are safe and effective for sedation and amnesia in preschool children undergoing dental procedures. While the 0.6 mg/kg dose provides better procedural cooperation and prolonged sedation, it also requires a slightly longer recovery time.

This study aimed to analyse the prevalence, clinical status of Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), and associated factors in schoolchildren from Northern provinces in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2024 among 1834 7- to 11-year-old schoolchildren across three provinces. MIH and enamel defects were diagnosed using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. Clinical dental examinations were undertaken, and parental questionnaires collected relevant background information. The overall MIH prevalence was 12.7% (95% CI 11.2–14.3%). The lower left first permanent molar was the most affected tooth. For incisors, the upper right central incisor was most involved. Common clinical presentations included white or creamy demarcated opacities, lesions involving less than one-third of the tooth surface, and severe lesions. Except for age, there were no significant relationships between MIH and gender, geography, or most prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Postnatal pneumonia was significantly associated with MIH (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.000035–2.24). Hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) were observed in 7.1% of children (95% CI 5.96–8.36%) and increased the risk of MIH significantly (OR = 8.48; 95% CI 5.81–12.39). This study provided population-based data on MIH in Vietnam and contextualized it within global findings, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and management, while acknowledging recent translational perspectives under the broader concept of molar hypomineralisation (MH).

Classification and resin infiltration treatment of MIH-related permanent anterior teeth are increasingly receiving attention nowadays. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the characteristics of these teeth; and to assess factors regarding treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using transilluminated and reflected light photographs, and the lesion was classified according to its color, size, type, heterogeneity and surface integrity. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate enamel craze lines (ECL), post-eruptive breakdown (PEB), and treatment procedures. Results: 73 teeth from 46 patients were included, in which 53 teeth had been treated. Size I showed the highest rate of PEB (66.67%). Females (OR = 20.39 (95%CI: 1.62 – 256.18)) and colored lesions (OR = 13.01 (95%CI: 1.82 – 93.13)) were associated with ECL/PEB. Microabrasion and etching cycles were inversely proportional and PEB required 4.33 etching cycles on average. A significant relationship was observed between surface integrity and composite fillings, between yellow/brown spot transformation and lesion color, sex and homogeneity. Conclusion: Lesion color, size, and sex are significant factors influencing ECL and PEB, while sex, surface integrity, lesion color, and homogeneity affect the treatment. Dental practitioners should consider these factors to provide appropriate treatment planning and consultation.

Mild form of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) on anterior teeth are posing great challenges to dental practitioners as it can have a huge aesthetic impact. In terms of deep MIH-related lesion below the healthy enamel, highly invasive methods for approaching the lesion body and removing the entire hypomineralized enamel using burs could lead to failures including aesthetic problems and even further tooth structure damage to the affected teeth. Case report: To resolve this issue, we have proposed a modified resin infiltration technique based on the minimally invasive philosophy. In this study, we would like to report three specific cases about the use of the technique, which has the potential to restore the naturally aesthetic appearance for the anterior teeth while maintaining healthy tooth structure. Conclusion: Recovering the natural appearance of anterior teeth requires thorough attention to the aesthetics and integrity of the affected teeth. The proposed modified resin infiltration technique has been illustrated to bring back the natural morphology and maximally protect the healthy structure to ensure a long-term treatment outcome. The technique should be implemented to a significant degree for the long-term improvement in the oral health of pediatric patients in Vietnam and around the world.