A systematic strategy for effectively engineering the charge extraction in inverted structured perovskite solar cells based on CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_xis provided. An optimized power conversion efficiency of 20.5% is realized.

An easily accessible photocathodic material was fabricated to realize high-efficiency water splitting. After optimizing the PEC system, the photocurrent was further amplified to −1.2 mA cm ⁻² .

Utilizing plasmonic nanostructures for efficient and flexible conversion of solar energy into electricity or fuel presents a new paradigm in photovoltaics and photoelectrochemistry research. In a conventional photoelectrochemical cell, consisting of a plasmonic structure in contact with a semiconductor, the type of photoelectrochemical reaction is determined by the band bending at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. The nature of the reaction is thus hard to tune. Here instead of using a semiconductor, we employed a ferroelectric material, Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT). By depositing gold nanoparticle arrays and PZT films on ITO substrates, and studying the photocurrent as well as the femtosecond transient absorbance in different configurations, we demonstrate an effective charge transfer between the nanoparticle array and PZT. Most importantly, we show that the photocurrent can be tuned by nearly an order of magnitude when changing the ferroelectric polarization in PZT, demonstrating a versatile and tunable system for energy harvesting.