Silica aerogel has garnered significant attention in the biomedical field, primarily due to its unique combination of a three-dimensional structure, low density, tunable nanoscale pores, and an extensive surface area. These intrinsic properties render it as an exceptional candidate for advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs). In the realm of medical applications, silica aerogels have demonstrated remarkable potential, especially in nanoscale DDSs. Traditional drug delivery methods, such as capsules and tablets, are often plagued by several drawbacks, including poor bioavailability, lack of target specificity, and multidrug resistance. These limitations necessitate the development of more efficient and targeted drug delivery systems. Recent advancements in the synthesis and modification of silica aerogels have significantly enhanced their biocompatibility and functionalization capabilities. These improvements have further bolstered their potential for controlled release and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. This study is based on silica aerogel-based nanocarrier systems, providing an in-depth exploration of its fundamental principles, preparation processes, and recent advancements. Based on this, we summarize the drug delivery methods, drug release characteristics, and diverse medical applications of silica aerogels. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of applying silica aerogels in drug delivery systems, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of this field.

Children’s outdoor physical activity (PA) serves as a crucial mechanism for health development, but its safety is affected by urban space design and management. However, most existing studies focus on isolated risk factors or singular spatial typologies, which lack a comprehensive safety assessment framework. This study aims to construct a safety assessment system for children’s outdoor public activity spaces and explore safety optimization strategies. This study employs a mixed methods approach to systematically analyze 13 outdoor public activity spaces across Shanghai, utilizing NVivo 12 Plus for qualitative coding of the data. Based on the coding results, a questionnaire survey targeting parents of children under 12 years old (with a balanced gender ratio) was designed and administered, yielding 509 valid responses. A 32-indicator assessment system was finally constructed via principal component analysis (PCA). The assessment system encompasses seven dimensions: site facilities (24.0%), spatial conditions (16.1%), site management (13.5%), material conditions (13.0%), service facilities (12.8%), traffic and landscape (10.3%), and ground conditions (10.3%). This study provides a quantitative safety assessment instrument for designing child-friendly urban public activity spaces, which has important implications for improving the public health service system and promoting the construction of healthy cities in the Sustainable Development Goals.