In this research, the optimization of the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment for the degradation of Clopidogrel was investigated. This study examined the influence of various experimental parameters including applied current, initial Clopidogrel concentration, and ferrous ion concentration by the use of the Doehlert design within a response surface methodology framework. The improved grey wolf optimizer was applied in order to define the optimum operating conditions. The monitoring of clopidogrel concentration during treatment revealed that complete disappearance of clopidogrel was achieved under an initial clopidogrel concentration of 0.02 mM, current intensity of 0.55 A, Fe²⁺concentration of 0.7 mM, and a reaction time of 20 min in a solution containing 50 mM Na₂SO₄ at pH 3. A quadratic polynomial model was developed, and its statistical significance was confirmed through the analysis of variance, demonstrating a high level of confidence in the model (R² = 0.98 and p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, following electrolysis treatment for 480 min, the synthetic clopidogrel solutions underwent mineralization, achieving a 70.4% removal rate of total organic carbon. Subsequently, the applicability of the optimized process was tested on real pharmaceutical wastewater, and mineralization was investigated under the identified optimal conditions, resulting in a total organic carbon removal rate of 87% after 480 min of electrolysis time. The energy consumption for this system was calculated to be 1.4 kWh·kg⁻¹ of the total organic carbon removed. These findings underscore the effectiveness and potential applicability of the electrochemical advanced oxidation for industrial wastewater treatment.

Plants offer a bountiful source of natural pest control solutions through their essential oils. This research introduces and analyzes an eco-friendly natural essential oil for red flour beetle control. Therefore, the current study was included to show the chemical profile and the insecticidal efficacy of resin essential oil (REO) and its fractions (F_1–3), resulting from chromatographic separation, from the plant Schinus molle against Tribolium castaneum adults. The trunk bark resin essential oil and its fractions’ composition were analyzed by GC-MS. Overall, 33 constituents with 98.3% of the total EO composition were identified. REO and F_1–3 displayed impressive repellent properties at a concentration of 0.12 µL/cm². After 120 min of exposure, repellency ranged from 73.3% to a remarkable 96.7%. They also exhibited noteworthy fumigant properties, with median lethal doses of LD₅₀ = 120.6–160.8 μL/L. The fractions F₁ and F₃ showed the most notable topical toxicity at a concentration of 10%, with LD₅₀ values of 8.6% and 5.6%, respectively. Fractions F₃ and F₂ demonstrated the most effective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, providing insight into their insecticidal mechanisms. The in silico molecular docking and DFT studies corroborate the results of in vitro tests performed to identify new insecticide products derived from natural sources.

In this study, we describe the synthesis of a host‐guest supramolecule ( TDPAnβ ‐ CD ) formed from an anthracene‐based conjugated molecule ( TDPAn , guest) encapsulated in cyclodextrin (β‐CD, host) under microwave irradiation. The obtaining of the desired rotaxane was confirmed by different spectroscopic and thermal analyzes. A comparative study between the physicochemical and electrical properties of the free molecule ( TDPAn ) and those of the rotaxane ( TDPAnβ ‐ CD ) was conducted. Thermal analyzes show an amorphous morphology and good thermal stability for the rotaxane. The surface morphology of the synthesized materials was studied using atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement. The supramolecular film exhibits a smooth and homogeneous surface with a relatively low surface roughness compared to that of the free model. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the rotaxane thin film are blue‐shifted in comparison with TDPAn , due to a steric hindrance effect of the β‐CD. Hence, a blue intense photoluminescence was emitted from the rotaxane layer, compared to a violet‐red emission in the case of non‐encapsulated TDPAn . Higher electron affinity and ionization potential for the host‐guest supramolecule were observed by cyclic voltammetry. The static study of ITO/ TDPAn /Al and ITO/ TDPAnβ‐CD /Al schottky single layer diodes showed typical behaviors with relatively low threshold voltages and higher charge carrier mobility was achieved for the rotaxane active layer.

This work represents the first use of a phosphonium salt-functionalized β-Cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) as a highly selective sensing membrane for monitoring the safety of drinking water against perchlorate ions (ClO₄⁻) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Structural confirmation via ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies combined with AFM and contact angle measurements demonstrate how the enhanced solubility of modified cyclodextrin improves thin film quality. The innovation lies in the synergistic combination of two detection mechanisms: the “Host-Guest” inclusion in the cyclodextrin cavity and anionic exchange between the bromide ions of the phosphonium groups and perchlorate anions. Under optimized functionalization conditions, EIS reveals high sensitivity and selectivity, achieving a record-low detection limit (LOD) of ~10⁻¹² M and a wide linear range of detection (10⁻¹¹ M–10⁻⁴ M). Sensing mechanisms at the functionalized transducer interfaces are examined through numerical fitting of Cole-Cole impedance spectra via a single relaxation equivalent circuit. Real water sample analysis confirms the sensor’s practical applicability, with recoveries between 96.9% and 109.8% and RSDs of 2.4–4.8%. Finally, a comparative study with reported membrane sensors shows that β-CDP offers superior performance, wider range, higher sensitivity, lower LOD, and simpler synthesis.

Due to the holes high transport mobility, anthracene derivates are widely used for the elaboration of OLEDs and other organic thin-layer-based electronic, such as transistors and photovoltaic cells. This study aims to investigate the electric properties of two new anthracene derivatives: 9-{[4-({[4-(9 anthrylmethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}methyl)] methyl]anthracene (TDP-AN) and 4-(9-anthrylmethoxy) benzyl[4-(9-anthrylmethoxy)phenyl]sulfone (BPS-AN). The main difference between them is related to the functional group between the two central phenyls. Conductance measurements results show a frequency-independent behaviour, for low frequencies ranging between 0.1 and 100 KHz, while they exhibit a power law model for higher ones. BPS-AN was found more conductive than the TDP-AN. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) was then investigated to understand the charge carrier mechanisms in both TDP-AN and BPS-AN molecules. Measurements were carried out in the frequency range 100 Hz – 10 MHz at different bias voltages (from 0 V to 3 V). The obtained results permitted to confirm that the conductivity of BPS-AN is superior to that of TDP-AN.