Creative performance is essential for tourists to engage in community activities at heritage sites. However, there is a theoretical gap in how creative performance affects the willingness of tourists and residents to co-create values together in an important agricultural heritage site. Therefore, the research combines two methods, SEM (structural equation modeling) and fsQCA (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis), to investigate the antecedent paths of tourists’ willingness to co-create value at tea cultural heritage sites. The results show that self-identity and cultural identity play a complex chain mediating role in creative performance, influencing tourists’ value co-creation. Meanwhile, “cultural identity * creative performance * awakening of enjoyment * cultural learning” is the optimal pathway for achieving tourists’ value co-creation. This study advances research on the conservation and development of creative agriculture and cultural heritage communities. Finally, it provides a realistic basis for research on the interaction between tourists and residents.

Forestry heritage tourism can spread the ecological concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and it is a nature-based solution to climate change. However, how tourists are guided to form an emotional identity and how their attention to climate change issues can be stimulated continuously remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we selected the Wuyi Mountain Forestry Heritage Site as our study site and employed PLS-SEM to analyze the responses of 384 tourists, thereby examining the underlying mechanism linking their perceptions of climate change to carbon offset behaviors within forestry heritage sites. The results showed the following: Perceptions of climate change had a positive and significant impact on carbon offset behavior (β = 0.310, p < 0.001), ecological identity had a positive and significant impact on carbon offset behavior (β = 0.375, p < 0.001), and the sense of environmental responsibility had a positive and significant impact on carbon offset behavior (β = 0.226, p < 0.01). At the same time, ecological identity and environmental responsibility play an intermediary role, and the impact of climate change perception on the carbon offset behavior of tourists at forestry heritage sites is moderated by tourists’ health attitudes. In addition, gender, age, and educational background have an impact on the process of carbon-offsetting behavior development at forestry heritage sites. This research further clarifies the internal logic of tourists’ carbon offset behavior in the context of heritage tourism, helps to enrich the theoretical system of Nbs and heritage tourism research, and provides a feasible reference for the realization of the SDGs.

National modern agricultural industrial parks are the core carriers for promoting agricultural modernization. Clarifying their spatial differentiation patterns is of great significance for revealing the efficiency of resource allocation and promoting coordinated regional development. Based on the data from 338 national modern agricultural industrial parks in China, this study uses methods such as the nearest neighbor index, Voronoi spatial statistics, and spatial autocorrelation to identify their spatial distribution characteristics, and adopts the XGBoost–SHAP model to explore the nonlinear effects of driving factors. The research found the following: (1) The parks exhibit a distinct “sparse west–concentrated middle–dense east” agglomeration pattern aligned with China’s Hu Huanyong Line agro–economic divide. (2) At the municipal level, four high-density cores emerged in central-eastern regions with “dual hot spots–gradient diffusion” characteristics. (3) Farmers’ professional cooperatives and transportation accessibility are the most consistent fundamental driving elements, reflecting the transition of the development momentum of contemporary agriculture from “resource dependency” to “circulation dependence.” Heterogeneity analysis shows elevation, cooperatives and rural income differentially drive agglomeration across regions, with elevation constituting a universal constraint. (4) While regional development and mechanization show adaptive synergy, excessive urbanization generates a distinct “non–agriculturalization” crowding–out effect on agricultural development.

As the only Chinese city inscribed on all three major UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) lists, Quanzhou boasts 7 world-class and 36 national-level ICH projects. This rich heritage provides a robust foundation for advancing the city’s cultural soft power. However, field investigations reveal prominent challenges in integrating ICH preservation with the development of urban cultural soft power. These bottlenecks include stagnant living transmission, insufficient synergy with urban development, limited dissemination impact, and a severe imbalance between conservation and commercial exploitation. Grounded in systems engineering principles, this study employs a mixed-methods approach encompassing field surveys (yielding 17 in-depth interviews conducted in March 2026), official dataset analysis(2015–2024), ArcGIS kernel density estimation, and comparative horizontal benchmarking against Suzhou and Chengdu—two national-level historical and cultural cities. We propose a five-dimensional enhancement framework—encompassing structural design, element optimization, conflict resolution, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and quality upgrading—to leverage ICH for soft power augmentation. Furthermore, the study delineates phased implementation mechanisms, quantifiable evaluation metrics, and monitoring tools, offering a theoretical reference and practical paradigm for historical cities aiming to elevate their cultural soft power through heritage resources.