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In recent decades, rural buildings have proliferated in the rural environment, in many cases clashing with the surroundings. One of the main objectives in rural areas must be to maintain a balance between economic and sustainable development. In the exterior design of buildings, it is necessary to follow technical and scientific criteria that respect the natural environment, and one of the most important parameters in this scenario is façade color. This article analyzes the costs of using different colors on façades and how color variations affect the integration of buildings in the rural landscape. It addresses the context of rural buildings in the Extremadura region of Spain, where large areas of undeveloped land are available to drive economic development. Ten technical projects and photos of buildings were used for the study. A palette of suitable colors developed and proposed in previous studies was used to improve the external finishes of the façades. The variation in cost was calculated between the current designs and improved alternatives simulated using infographs, and a survey was conducted to determine how the rating of the landscape integration changed. The analysis shows that a building façade in a suitable color is always a significantly better rated solution than a finish in white (by 9%–14%). The results obtained are important because they show that a small variation in the cost of a building can significantly increase the rating of its integration and, therefore, give value added to the intervention because it respects the natural environment.
María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García Moruno; Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez; Julio Hernández Blanco; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3840 .
AMA StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo, Lorenzo García Moruno, Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez, Julio Hernández Blanco, Jacinto Garrido Velarde. Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García Moruno; Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez; Julio Hernández Blanco; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. 2020. "Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3840.
Tree screens have a demonstrated role in lessening the visual impact of buildings nonintegrated aesthetically by means of filtering façades. This is particularly useful on village fringes and in areas bordering urban green spaces. However, the role of other vegetal structure such as climber species, and their optimal percentage for façade filtering, have not been measured yet. The main objectives of present study were: (1) To guess if climber species have a similar positive role to lessen the visual impact of a façade than tree species, and (2) to compare optimal percentage of coverage for both vegetal structures. To explore them, we designed three percentages of partial-concealment vegetation screens (0% none, 40–50% medium, 70–80% high), comprising tree or climber native species from a study area, in eight buildings from the same region. As a result, 24 final infographics were evaluated by two groups of interviewees: 27 local people and 39 non-local university students. Respondents had to assess the integration of the building in terms of visual preference using an ascending scale with 5 options from “Very poor” = 1 to “Very good” = 5. The results show a clear linear positive response of participants when increasing the percentage of coverage by both types of vegetal screens. However, positive significant valuation over 3 points on average was reached before in tree species screens (3.06, in 40–50% of façade coverage) than in climbing species screens (3.02 in 70–80% of façade coverage). Finally, there was a high consensus in responses when both groups polled were compared.
Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2595 .
AMA StyleJacinto Garrido Velarde, María Jesús Montero Parejo, Julio Hernández Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2019. "Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2595.
María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain. Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo, Jin Su Jeong, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain. Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo; Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2018. "Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain." Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications , no. : 1.
The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.
Jacinto Garrido-Velarde; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2593 .
AMA StyleJacinto Garrido-Velarde, María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinto Garrido-Velarde; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2018. "Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2593.
Human actions in the natural environment create a visual impact. The main objective of this study was to examine the acceptance of vegetation screens for integrating buildings into the landscape using new techniques of visualization in three dimensions (3D), videos and public participation. The status quo of two study areas representative of the Mediterranean climate in Spain (one inland and one coastal) was modelled, placing vegetation screens around a building typical of the area and varying the density, species, and layout of plants. After establishing a series of scenarios, videos showing a simulation of outdoor tourism activities performed at varying speeds were created to analyse how movement affects the perception of the combination of a building and vegetation screen in the versions created. The 3D models generated were subjected to a survey for public participation and to allow respondents to rate their preferences of the videos created. The results show that adding vegetation always improves the integration of buildings into the landscape. The most highly rated vegetation screen placed around the buildings in the two scenarios was high density vegetation, irrespective of the layout or species.
Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1102 .
AMA StyleJacinto Garrido Velarde, María Jesús Montero Parejo, Julio Hernández Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2017. "Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1102.
Information about the paper titled "SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT OF E-TUTORING IN MOODLE: ENGINEERING DEGREES AS EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION" at IATED Digital Library
María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Pedro Pablo Alarcón-Cavero; Juan Carlos Giménez-Fernández; Santiago Alonso-Villaverde; M. Lurdes López-Díaz; Mercedes Bertomeu-García; Manuel Bertomeu; Guillermo González-Bornay; Elena Cubera-González; Daniel López-Fernández. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT OF E-TUTORING IN MOODLE: ENGINEERING DEGREES AS EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION. EDULEARN16 Proceedings 2017, 3290 -3297.
AMA StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo, Pedro Pablo Alarcón-Cavero, Juan Carlos Giménez-Fernández, Santiago Alonso-Villaverde, M. Lurdes López-Díaz, Mercedes Bertomeu-García, Manuel Bertomeu, Guillermo González-Bornay, Elena Cubera-González, Daniel López-Fernández. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT OF E-TUTORING IN MOODLE: ENGINEERING DEGREES AS EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION. EDULEARN16 Proceedings. 2017; ():3290-3297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Jesús Montero-Parejo; Pedro Pablo Alarcón-Cavero; Juan Carlos Giménez-Fernández; Santiago Alonso-Villaverde; M. Lurdes López-Díaz; Mercedes Bertomeu-García; Manuel Bertomeu; Guillermo González-Bornay; Elena Cubera-González; Daniel López-Fernández. 2017. "SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT OF E-TUTORING IN MOODLE: ENGINEERING DEGREES AS EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION." EDULEARN16 Proceedings , no. : 3290-3297.
Maria Jesus Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno; Sergio Lopez-Casares; Julio Hernandez-Blanco. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2016, 15, 1537 -1550.
AMA StyleMaria Jesus Montero-Parejo, Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno, Sergio Lopez-Casares, Julio Hernandez-Blanco. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2016; 15 (7):1537-1550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Jesus Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno; Sergio Lopez-Casares; Julio Hernandez-Blanco. 2016. "VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 15, no. 7: 1537-1550.
Tobias Plieninger; Tibor Hartel; Berta Martin-Lopez; Guy Beaufoy; Erwin Bergmeier; Keith Kirby; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Gerardo Moreno; Elisa Oteros-Rozas; Jan Van Uytvanck. Wood-pastures of Europe: Geographic coverage, social–ecological values, conservation management, and policy implications. Biological Conservation 2015, 190, 70 -79.
AMA StyleTobias Plieninger, Tibor Hartel, Berta Martin-Lopez, Guy Beaufoy, Erwin Bergmeier, Keith Kirby, María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Gerardo Moreno, Elisa Oteros-Rozas, Jan Van Uytvanck. Wood-pastures of Europe: Geographic coverage, social–ecological values, conservation management, and policy implications. Biological Conservation. 2015; 190 ():70-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTobias Plieninger; Tibor Hartel; Berta Martin-Lopez; Guy Beaufoy; Erwin Bergmeier; Keith Kirby; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Gerardo Moreno; Elisa Oteros-Rozas; Jan Van Uytvanck. 2015. "Wood-pastures of Europe: Geographic coverage, social–ecological values, conservation management, and policy implications." Biological Conservation 190, no. : 70-79.
Se presenta una aplicación web que facilita la integración de construcciones turísticas rurales en su entorno mediante la participación ciudadana. El objetivo general ha sido examinar cómo la investigación puede contribuir a apoyar la toma de decisiones de los usuarios, así como su aplicación a un caso de estudio empírico en Hervás, España. A partir de los datos obtenidos de los participantes, agrupados en cuatro grupos diferentes, este estudio examinó la identificación de modelos espaciales para las distintas percepciones y el intercambio de conocimientos de los procesos de integración de construcciones en el entorno rural, la certificación del posible impacto en el turismo y la definición de una interfaz de usabilidad. Los resultados demostraron que esta web puede facilitar un consenso sobre las recomendaciones para la ordenación del territorio con la implementación de alternativas de decisión.This paper presents the final web implementation and statistical survey results from a continuing broad research project. In this work, a web spatial planning application with public participation was developed to support suitable rural tourism building integrations into a landscape. The general goal of this paper is to examine how research can contribute to support users’ decision-making, together with its application to an empirical case study in Hervás, Spain. With the participants’ data set grouped by four different clusters, this study examined the identification of spatial models for the different perceptions and knowledge sharing of building integrations into a rural landscape, the certification of the possible impact on tourism and the definition of interface usability. The results demonstrated the web could achieve consensus on recommendations for the spatial planning with the implementation of decision alternatives.Trabajo patrocinado por: Universidad de Extremadura. Contrato puente para becarios predoctorales para Jin Su JeongpeerReviewe
Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco; María Jesús Montero-Parejo. Evaluación de una aplicación web con participación pública en la planificación espacial y toma de decisiones para la integración de construcciones rurales. Informes de la Construcción 2015, 67, e098 .
AMA StyleJin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández Blanco, María Jesús Montero-Parejo. Evaluación de una aplicación web con participación pública en la planificación espacial y toma de decisiones para la integración de construcciones rurales. Informes de la Construcción. 2015; 67 (539):e098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco; María Jesús Montero-Parejo. 2015. "Evaluación de una aplicación web con participación pública en la planificación espacial y toma de decisiones para la integración de construcciones rurales." Informes de la Construcción 67, no. 539: e098.
Jin Su Jeong; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. The visual evaluation of rural areas: A methodological approach for the spatial planning and color design of scattered second homes with an example in Hervás, Western Spain. Land Use Policy 2015, 46, 330 -340.
AMA StyleJin Su Jeong, María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández-Blanco. The visual evaluation of rural areas: A methodological approach for the spatial planning and color design of scattered second homes with an example in Hervás, Western Spain. Land Use Policy. 2015; 46 ():330-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Su Jeong; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. 2015. "The visual evaluation of rural areas: A methodological approach for the spatial planning and color design of scattered second homes with an example in Hervás, Western Spain." Land Use Policy 46, no. : 330-340.
In this paper, the design of the outer envelope of the farm buildings is analyzed in order to establish objective and scientific criteria, easy to take from the technical point of view, to mitigate visual impact on the landscape. This has acted on the design of the building envelope (color, texture), the access road and surrounding vegetation. Taken in consideration these variables, sixteen cases have been generated, eight residential typology and eight farm typology, following a methodology easily applicable and respectful of the area concerned, both materials were proposed and selected native vegetation. The infographic simulations have been subjected to survey with more than satisfactory results in terms of improving perception achieved in facades, roofs and outer vegetation. The vial access showing less sensitivity to the method, so it can be studied more detailed later. En este trabajo, el diseño de la envolvente exterior de las construcciones rurales es analizado con la finalidad de establecer unos criterios objetivos y científicos, sencillos de asumir desde el punto de vista técnico, para la mitigación del impacto visual producido en el paisaje. Para ello, se ha actuado sobre el diseño de la envolvente (colores, texturas), el vial de acceso y la vegetación circundante. Teniendo en cuenta estas variables, se han generado dieciséis casos, ocho de tipología residencial y ocho de tipología agropecuaria, siguiendo una metodología fácilmente aplicable y respetuosa con el territorio, tanto en los materiales propuestos como en la vegetación autóctona seleccionada. Las infografías simuladas han sido sometidas a encuesta pública, con unos resultados más que satisfactorios en cuanto a la mejora de la percepción de paramentos, cubiertas y vegetación exterior. El vial de acceso muestra una menor sensibilidad al método, por lo que puede ser objeto de estudios posteriores más pormenorizados.
J. Hernandez; S. López-Casares; María Jesús Montero-Parejo. Análisis metodológico de la relación entre envolvente y urbanización exterior en construcciones rurales para la mejora de la integración paisajística. Informes de la Construcción 2013, 65, 497 -508.
AMA StyleJ. Hernandez, S. López-Casares, María Jesús Montero-Parejo. Análisis metodológico de la relación entre envolvente y urbanización exterior en construcciones rurales para la mejora de la integración paisajística. Informes de la Construcción. 2013; 65 (532):497-508.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Hernandez; S. López-Casares; María Jesús Montero-Parejo. 2013. "Análisis metodológico de la relación entre envolvente y urbanización exterior en construcciones rurales para la mejora de la integración paisajística." Informes de la Construcción 65, no. 532: 497-508.
In many developed countries the recent increase in tourist and farm buildings in the countryside has seriously jeopardized the attractiveness of natural and traditional views; such is the case of inland Spain. Visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by their colour, form, line, texture, scale and spatial character. This paper investigates lines and forms and tries to develop design criteria that could offer a high probability of achieving a building integration class as good or very good. The main aim of this research is to develop guidelines for future municipal planning laws, which could help professional designers and town council planners to select lines and forms that harmonize architectural design and environmental location. The proposed approach studies the relationship between buildings and their background. A method is developed to assess these visual relationships among building characteristics of lines and forms and the landscape ones. Also, this research includes public survey methods to assess building integration preferences and a summary table for systematic application of the suggested methodological process. Relevant correlations have been obtained, for example, whereas a type of relationship (visual continuity) provides a probability of 72% of achieving an integration class as good or very good other one (poorly compatible contrast) provides 0%. These relationships between different types of visual characteristics are satisfactory for the study of integration quality. Objective design guidelines are obtained and it is possible to make an evaluation of the different alternatives available and to select the most suitable according to the type of integration sought.
L. García-Moruno; M. J. Montero-Parejo; J. Hernández-Blanco; S. López-Casares. Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2010, 8, 833 .
AMA StyleL. García-Moruno, M. J. Montero-Parejo, J. Hernández-Blanco, S. López-Casares. Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2010; 8 (3):833.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. García-Moruno; M. J. Montero-Parejo; J. Hernández-Blanco; S. López-Casares. 2010. "Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 3: 833.
We have studied the percentage of radiation transmitted through the tree canopy to the underlying pasture and crops in dehesas of Southwest Spain by means of fish-eye photographs taken at different distances from the tree. Thirty-six trees were studied covering all the diametric classes (0.1–14 m canopy width) of two stands, with mean density of 19 mature trees ha−1. Intercepted light decreased with distance following an logistic curve, indicating a rapid increase in the light availability with distance from the tree. For mature trees, radiation was constant beyond 20 m. Applying a multivariable regression light equation, distance, stem diameter and canopy width explained more than 88% of the light variability for each orientation studied. A simple model was built up from light equations, tree growth curves and allometric relationships. From this model, we have estimated that radiation available for crops and pasture decreased up to 21% due to the presence of trees in a standard dehesa with 24 mature trees ha−1 and 13% of canopy cover. In addition, we have generated different radiation maps of virtual dehesas differing in tree age, density and arrangement, which could be useful to determine optimal tree planting schemes and consequent pruning and thinning regimes.
María Jesús Montero; Gerardo Moreno; Manuel Bertomeu. Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain. Agroforestry Systems 2008, 73, 233 -244.
AMA StyleMaría Jesús Montero, Gerardo Moreno, Manuel Bertomeu. Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain. Agroforestry Systems. 2008; 73 (3):233-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Jesús Montero; Gerardo Moreno; Manuel Bertomeu. 2008. "Light distribution in scattered-trees open woodlands in Western Spain." Agroforestry Systems 73, no. 3: 233-244.
Dehesas are extant multi-purpose agroforestry systems that consist of a mosaic of widely-spaced scattered oaks (Quercus ilex L.) combined with crops, pasture or shrubs. We aimed to clarify the role of trees in dehesas of CW Spain focussed on the analysis of tree-understorey interactions. Spatial variability of resources (light, soil moisture and fertility), microclimate, fine roots of both herbaceous plants and trees and forage yield was measured. Additionally, we compared the nutritional and physiological status, growth and acorn production of oaks in cropped (fodder crop), grazed (native grasses) and encroached (woody understorey) dehesa plots. Significant light interception by trees was limited to the close vicinity of the trees, with very low reduction away from them. Both microclimate and soil fertility improved significantly in the trees vicinity, irrespective of soil management. Soil moisture varied very few with distance from the trees, as a result of the extended root system of oaks. Root systems of trees and herbs did not overlap to a great extent. Crop production was higher beneath trees than beyond the trees in unfertilised plots and foliar nutrient content of oaks did not increase significantly with crop fertilisation, indicating that trees and crops hardly compete for nutrients. Moreover, trees benefited from the crop or pasture management: trees featured a significantly improved nutritional and physiological status, a faster growth and a higher fruit productivity than trees growing in encroached or forest plots.
G. Moreno Marcos; J. J. Obrador; E. Garcia; E. Cubera; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; F. Pulido; C. Dupraz. Driving competitive and facilitative interactions in oak dehesas through management practices. Agroforestry Systems 2007, 70, 25 -40.
AMA StyleG. Moreno Marcos, J. J. Obrador, E. Garcia, E. Cubera, María Jesús Montero-Parejo, F. Pulido, C. Dupraz. Driving competitive and facilitative interactions in oak dehesas through management practices. Agroforestry Systems. 2007; 70 (1):25-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Moreno Marcos; J. J. Obrador; E. Garcia; E. Cubera; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; F. Pulido; C. Dupraz. 2007. "Driving competitive and facilitative interactions in oak dehesas through management practices." Agroforestry Systems 70, no. 1: 25-40.