Optimizing irrigation and the targeted use of plant growth regulators are key strategies to improve productivity in citrus systems under water-limited conditions. This study evaluated the effects of three irrigation levels (4.44, 5.18, and 7.77 mm day⁻¹) combined with variable doses of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on physiological and productive responses in Citrus aurantiifolia. The treatment with 7.77 mm irrigation and moderate doses of NAA (100 mg L⁻¹) and GA₃ (80 mg L⁻¹) increased yield by 38% (6.2 kg/plant), and it enhanced photosystem II photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m = 0.82), chlorophyll index (SPAD = 62), and fruit weight by 15%. In contrast, high hormone doses under water deficit reduced leaf water potential and impaired physiological performance, leading to lower productivity. These findings support the combined use of regulated deficit irrigation and hormonal biostimulation as a sustainable strategy to enhance key lime yield and resource efficiency in semi-arid environments.

Forests are key ecosystems for climate change mitigation, playing a pivotal role in C and N land sequestering and storage. However, the sustainable management of forests is challenging for foresters who need continuous and reliable information on the status of soil conditions. Yet, the monitoring of soils in temperate evergreen forests, via satellite data, is jeopardized by the year round prevailing heavily dense canopy. In this study, the Sentinel-2 spectral imagery derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), proved to be a reliable tool to determine the C/N ratio in two managed pine-dominated forests, in southern Poland. Results showed a strong negative correlation between NDVI values and the on-site C/N ratios measured at the upper soil horizons in 100 and 99 randomly distributed sampling points across the Kup (r${}^2$ = −0.8019) and Koniecpol (r${}^2$ = −0.7281) forests. This indicates the feasibility of using the NDVI to predict the microbial driven soil C/N ratio in evergreen forests, and to foresee alterations in the vegetation patterns elicited by microbial hindering soil abiotic or biotic factors. Spatial/temporal variations in C/N ratio also provide information on C and N soil dynamics and land ecosystem function in a changing climate.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop whose diversity provides opportunities to identify germplasm combining high yield, physiological performance, and desirable oil quality. This study evaluated the morphophysiological, productive, and biochemical diversity of ten peanut accessions under field capacity conditions. Traits included leaf area, root number, nodulation, gynophores, pods per plant, stomatal number and opening state, photosystem II photochemical activity, and fatty acid composition. Gynophore number was strongly related to pods per plant (R² = 0.6688), while pod number explained 43.09% of yield variation (R² = 0.4309). INIAP-ECU-11465 and INIAP-ECU-11832 achieved yields exceeding 4000 kg ha⁻¹. Nodulation showed limited association with yield, whereas stomatal traits and photochemical performance revealed distinct physiological responses among accessions. Oleic acid predominated in the lipid profile (40.77–53.54%), indicating variability relevant to oil quality and oxidative stability. The agronomic, physiological, and biochemical diversity identified provides useful criteria for selecting promising peanut germplasm and supports further evaluation of these accessions in breeding strategies aimed at improving productivity and oil quality.