Este estudio tiene como propósito analizar el impacto en la educación universitaria del uso de la herramienta de inteligencia artificial denominada Chat-GPT. La nueva realidad educativa esta permeada por la implementación de la inteligencia artificial. La metodología corresponde a un enfoque de corte cualitativo, utilizando como técnica de recolección de la información el análisis de contenidos. El diseño incluye la elaboración de un instrumento de entrevista estructurada y la validación de expertos. Los principales resultados dan muestra de la autopercepción de la herramienta en el contexto de la educación, sus ventajas uso y aplicaciones. Chat-GPT se percibe como una poderosa herramienta capaz de transformar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se concluye que el diseño de ambientes y situaciones de aprendizajes con el uso de estrategias pedagógicas y el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como ChatGPT, puede mejorar la interrelación entre docentes y estudiantes, motivando esto a generar un escenario para el conocimiento y el aprendizaje.

This study aims to analyze the impact of digital marketing on urban courier companies in the municipality of Valledupar, Colombia. It also aims to propose strategies for smart delivery in urban courier companies in developing countries and identify barriers to be overcome in these activities. A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design is used. Given the nested nature of the data, a correlation analysis was performed to gather information on the relationship between the variables studied and the strength and direction of those relationships. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation coefficient between two specific variables. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method examined the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The results indicate that the use of social media has a significant positive impact on the dependent variable. In contrast, the use of email and websites does not show statistical significance. The proposed strategies include real-time tracking of shipments, personalized notifications, scheduled delivery, integration of augmented reality, use of smart lockers, and geolocation technology. As barriers to be overcome in urban courier activities in developing countries, the following are identified infrastructure limitations, limited access to technology, costs associated with technology adoption, digital divide and skills, and resistance to change. The study was conducted in small and medium-sized courier companies in developing countries, so the implications of the results should be generalized to only some companies worldwide. The research highlights the importance of developing digital marketing skills and addressing barriers to implementing smart delivery strategies. Strategies such as real-time tracking of shipments, personalized notifications, scheduled delivery, augmented reality integration, smart lockers, and geolocation technology are proposed. It is concluded that digital marketing can enhance urban courier services and provide competitive advantages to companies that adopt it. This study provides valuable insights to develop specific strategies and solutions that help improve the operational efficiency of urban courier companies, including website optimization, effective use of social media, and email, and increased visibility in search engines. It enhances service quality, providing a more satisfying customer experience and fostering customer loyalty. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of developing engaging and relevant content and establishing effective communication with customers through digital channels.

This work presents an effective design of a strategy to manage biomass waste (empty fruit bunch—EFB, kernel shell, and fiber) available from the processing of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Colombia as a renewable energy source. This type of study is conducted for the first time in the country, and the proposed strategy is structured in four phases. Firstly, an inventory of available biomass waste was prepared based on information from 45 African palm oil companies of the approximately 70 that exist in the country. It was determined that the country had about 2762 kt of available waste (63.64% EFB, 12.55% kernel shell, and 23.81% fiber) for the year 2023. The estimates were conducted using a model that correlates processing capacity, the biomass generated, and the biomass demanded. The validation was performed using national reports. Subsequently, the minimum number (six) of storage centers in Colombia, where the largest amount of biomass can be stored, was determined. The center of gravity method was used to find the geographical location of each bulk storage center (municipality of Aracataca, Agustín Codazzi, San Martín, Puerto Wilches, Castilla La Nueva, and Cabuyaru). The next step was to determine the transportation costs as a decision criterion to select the best bulk storage center. When the required storage capacity does not exceed 211 kt·year⁻¹, Agustín Codazzi is the best option because it has the lowest transportation cost (USD 1.01·t⁻¹). When the storage capacity requirements exceed 211 kt·year⁻¹ but are less than 423 kt·year⁻¹, then Puerto Wilches and/or Aracataca are the best options (transportation cost of USD 1.7·t⁻¹). In all cases, Cabuyaru has the highest costs (USD 6.56·t⁻¹). Finally, an energy potential of 50,196 × 10⁶ GJ·year⁻¹ for the collected biomass was estimated, which makes this kind of waste an environmental alternative that could replace coal in Colombia.

This study analyzes the valorization of oil palm biomass residues within the framework of industrial symbiosis (IS), emphasizing their role in circular economy strategies and sustainable industrial development. Through a systematic literature review and snowball sampling, 156 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were examined, classifying evidence by country, type of residue, derived products, economic sector (ISIC Rev. 4), and technological approach. The results show a strong geographical concentration of IS experiences in Asia, particularly Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, where residues such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel shells (PKS), oil palm mesocarp fibers, palm oil mill effluent (POME), and oil palm trunks (OPT) are integrated into processes for bioenergy, biochemicals, composite materials, construction products, biochar, and bioplastics. In contrast, applications in Latin America and Africa remain incipient, with high potential but limited industrial implementation due to infrastructural and regulatory gaps. Technological trends point toward thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, anaerobic digestion), development of advanced materials and catalysts, and the emergence of integrated biorefinery models supported by computational optimization tools. The analysis highlights that palm biomass residues, far from being an environmental liability, constitute strategic resources for low-carbon value chains. However, scaling IS initiatives requires clear public policies, economic incentives, and stronger coordination between industry, government, and academia. The study provides a structured overview of current knowledge, identifies research gaps, and outlines future directions for leveraging oil palm residues as a key input for sustainable IS.