Holographic lenses (HLs) are part of holographic optical elements (HOE), and are being applied to concentrate solar energy on a focal point or focal line. In this way, the concentrated energy can be converted into electrical or thermal energy by means of a photovoltaic cell or a thermal absorber tube. HLs are able to passively track the apparent motion of the sun with a high acceptance angle, allowing tracking motors to be replaced, thus reducing the cost of support structures. This article focuses on a review of the materials used in the recording of a holographic lens (HL) or multiple HLs in photovoltaic and/or concentrating solar collectors. This review shows that the use of photopolymers for the recording of HLs enables high-performance efficiency in physical systems designed for energy transformation, and presents some important elements to be taken into account for future designs, especially those related to the characteristics of the HL recording materials. Finally, the article outlines future recommendations, emphasizing potential research opportunities and challenges for researchers entering the field of HL-based concentrating solar photovoltaic and/or concentrating solar thermal collectors.

In the present work, mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 were synthesised using classical methods, and their physicochemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, TEM and N₂ adsorption–desorption. Rhodium (Rh, 1 wt %) was loaded on the mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 by an impregnation method. The Rh surface coverage, dispersion and crystallite size were determined by room temperature H₂ chemisorption on reduced samples. The catalytic activity of Rh supported on mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 was evaluated for the first time in the hydrogenation of phenol in vapour phase in a temperature range between 130 and 270 °C at atmospheric pressure. The reaction over Rh/SBA-15 at 180 °C produced cyclohexanone as the major product (about 60%) along with lower amounts of cyclohexanol (about 35%) and cyclohexane (about 15%). The influences of temperature, H₂/phenol ratio, contact time and the nature of the solvent on the catalytic performance were systematically investigated. The Rh/SBA-16 system offered lower phenol conversion compared to Rh/SBA-15, but both have a very high selectivity for cyclohexanone (above 60%).

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar las condiciones adecuadas de crecimiento del Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Streptococcus thermophilus para la producción de ácido láctico, utilizando como sustrato lactosuero proveniente del departamento del Cesar, Colombia. El ácido láctico es producto de la extracción y purificación de caldos de fermentación donde se usa como bacterias fermentativas el co-cultivo actobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Streptococcus thermophilus, usualmente usadas para la producción de yogurt. El sustrato es suplementado con extracto de levadura, fosfato de amonio como fuente de nitrógeno y carbonato de calcio como neutralizante. Esto con el fin de optimizar el consumo, por parte de las bacterias, del carbohidrato principal presente en el suero (lactosa). Durante la fermentación se controló la concentración del inóculo y temperatura, el tiempo máximo fue 72 h. La purificación se llevó a cabo mediante esterificación, filtración de sólidos formados con la reacción y extracción de agua por evaporación y posterior arrastre con nitrógeno. Finalmente se obtuvo ácido láctico con un 78,0% de pureza (36,7 g/L), el cual se caracterizó a través de espectroscopía infrarroja.

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.