(1) Background: Traumatic dental injuries constitute a major global health problem. Primary deciduous teeth of the upper frontal group are frequently affected by trauma, especially at an early age. It is important to treat primary traumatic injuries because early tooth loss can lead to aesthetic and functional alterations. The most common injuries are extrusion, lateral luxation, and intrusion. Root fracture is a less common complication that can lead to tooth extraction if not properly diagnosed and managed. However, there are a lack of data regarding primary root fracture treatment. The literature was reviewed to study the current knowledge on the treatment of these injuries, and to propose an operative protocol based on the results obtained. (2) Methods: A literature search was performed on Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. The research focused on the following features: age of the patient; localization of the root fracture and type of displacement suffered (intrusive, extrusive, or lateral); type of emergency treatment or diagnostic test performed and their compliance with IADT guidelines; follow-up duration. (2) Results: Only 8 articles fully met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 46 patients and 62 root fractures. Out of a total of 62 root fractures, regarding only upper incisors, the most common treatment was splinting (n = 39) for a period ranging from 3 weeks to 3 months (with an average of six weeks). No treatment was performed for 23 of the root fractures. The splinting performed in most of the included cases was semi-rigid, with the splint held in place using a composite resin material. An orthodontic splint using brackets and 0.5 mm stainless steel wire was used in only in one study. (4) Conclusions: We deduced that the root fracture of primary teeth is a rare traumatic dental injury that can cause numerous complications, such as eruptive problems in the permanent teeth. Correct radiological diagnosis, immediate repositioning and semi-rigid splinting could be conservative methods to prevent premature tooth loss in very young patients.

Gum hypertrophy is a very frequent condition linked to orthodontic treatment, especially in teenagers, and the same time, about 80% of young adults are affected by acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, typically treated with antibacterial therapy. The use of probiotics has gained popularity in the medical field, and many studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, such as the positive effects of some bacterial strains belonging to Lactobacillus species. The aim of this study is to document the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on facial skin that was randomly observed in two orthodontic patients. We present two case reports of a 14-year-old female patient and a 15-year-old male patient suffering from acne vulgaris who, during fixed orthodontic treatment, showed clinical signs of gingivitis with high values of Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). The patients were treated first with professional oral hygiene sessions and Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) procedures, and then with the administration of a formulate containing L. reuteri as a probiotic. The follow-up was made at four weeks. During the follow-up analysis, both patients showed a significant clinical remission for gum hypertrophy and skin acne vulgaris.

Key Clinical Message: Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) remains an enigmatic pathology due to an unknown etiology. Our report, of a 69‐year‐old man with MRS misdiagnosed for about 40 years, underlines the diagnostic difficulty of this condition. A holistic view of the patient, with a correct medical history investigation, are often decisive in the diagnosis of MRS. Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare disorder with a still unknown etiology. It is defined by three main symptoms, which are orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), facial palsy, and fissured tongue. It generally presents in young people, during the second or third decade, and its incidence in the entire population is about 1%. We focus our attention on a 69‐year‐old man who came to us with an important swelling of the upper lip. His anamnesis revealed that he suffered from a facial palsy four times in his life and at the physical examination we attested the presence of scrotal tongue. We suspected a misdiagnosed MRS and we searched the web in order to give him a diagnosis and a therapy. We found that OFG is the most common symptom of MRS and that it can show as a non complete form, where the three main symptoms cannot occur simultaneously. We also prescribed a therapy based on the use of topic steroids and antiviral, according to literature. After the positive response to the therapy and according to data found in the most recent literature, we can assume that our patient suffers from a misdiagnosed MRS for about 40 years.

Oral infections caused by Candida spp. represent a major health concern due to the increasing resistance of these fungi to conventional antifungal agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment based on the use of light at a specific wavelength that activates a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen. The activated PS selectively binds to infected cells and induces apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous biomolecular studies on Candida albicans have demonstrated that its infection triggers characteristic molecular signals, such as miRNA-146a and miRNA-155, which serve as inflammatory markers. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the impact of PDT on the expression of their primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in a cell culture model of C. albicans infection. Human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells were infected with a multidrug-resistant strain of C. albicans (CA97) and subsequently exposed to curcumin-based PDT activated by blue light (470 nm). The expression of pri-miRNAs 146a and 155 was assessed before and after PDT treatment for each experimental group. The expression levels of pri-miRNAs increased approximately 2- to 3.5-fold following C. albicans infection but returned to baseline values after PDT treatment. The evaluation of pri-miRNAs 146a/155 may serve as a valuable research tool for monitoring early inflammatory responses induced by Candida infection, as well as a sensitive biomarker for assessing the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in an in vitro cell culture model.

Background/Objectives: Schwannoma is a rare tumor, typical in young adults, originating from the myelin sheath that surrounds Schwann cells. It can occur in any part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It develops in the head and neck region in 25–48% of cases, and the eighth pair of cranial nerves (vestibulocochlear nerves) are the most hit (vestibular schwannoma). Oral cavity involvement is exceedingly rare, accounting for about 1–2% of all cases. The most affected oral site is the tongue, especially its anterior third, while localization on the lip is one of the least common sites for the development of this lesion. Case Presentation: A lower lip schwannoma on a 17-year-old boy, present for about 7 years, was documented. Material and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used as research engines; English scientific works published in the last 20 years (2005–2024) regarding oral cavity involvement, using the keywords “Schwannoma”, “Oral Schwannoma”, “Pediatric Oral Schwannoma”, and “Schwannoma of the lip”, were considered. Results: In total, 805 and 16,890 items were found on PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, respectively. After title, abstract, full text evaluation, and elimination of duplicates, 26 articles were included in the review process. Discussion: Clinically, oral schwannoma presents as an asymptomatic hard–elastic fluctuating mass, often misdiagnosed on the lip as a traumatic or inflammatory lesion (e.g., mucocele). Biopsy is mandatory, and histological examination reveals positivity to the neuronal marker S-100. Conclusions: Complete excision also prevents recurrence. Malignant transformation is extremely rare.