As urbanization accelerates, façade defects in existing residential buildings have become increasingly prominent, posing serious threats to structural safety and residents’ quality of life. In the high-density built environment of Shenzhen, traditional manual inspection methods exhibit low efficiency and high susceptibility to omission errors. This study proposes an integrated framework for façade defect detection that combines unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based visible-light and thermal infrared imaging with deep learning algorithms and parametric three-dimensional (3D) visualization. Three representative residential communities constructed between 1988 and 2010 in Shenzhen were selected as case studies. The main findings are as follows: (1) the fusion of visible and thermal infrared images enables the synergistic identification of cracks and moisture intrusion defects; (2) shooting distance significantly affects mapping efficiency and accuracy—for low-rise buildings, 5–10 m close-range imaging ensures high mapping precision, whereas for high-rise structures, medium-range imaging at approximately 20–25 m achieves the optimal balance between detection efficiency, accuracy, and dual-defect recognition capability; (3) the developed Grasshopper-integrated mapping tool enables real-time 3D visualization and parametric analysis of defect information. The Knet-based model achieves an mIoU of 87.86% for crack detection and 79.05% for leakage detection. This UAV-based automated inspection framework is particularly suitable for densely populated urban districts and large-scale residential areas, providing an efficient technical solution for city-wide building safety management. This framework provides a solid foundation for the development of automated building maintenance systems and facilitates their integration into future smart city infrastructures.

Scope-3 emissions from construction supply chains (CSCs) account for the majority of the construction sector’s greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. However, procurement-driven decarbonization (PDD) remains constrained by persistent data quality (DQ) deficits, including boundary divergence, limited verification, incomplete information, and fragmented interoperability. This PRISMA-guided systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes 68 studies to examine how governance mechanisms (GMs) and digital technologies (DTs) can be co-designed within procurement workflows to improve the reliability of carbon data. By integrating quantitative matrix-based analysis, qualitative thematic coding, and a governance–technology pairing logic, the review identifies a division of labor across DQ dimensions. Standard-based governance and boundary rules strengthen completeness, consistency, and interpretability. At the same time, DTs enhance accessibility and timeliness and provide targeted improvements in accuracy and logical coherence when embedded within structured schemas. Assurance emerges as the most reliable mechanism for accuracy, information-management standards for timeliness, and early stakeholder involvement for accessibility. These insights translate into procurement-oriented measures, including European Standard (EN)-aligned scope definitions; ISO 14083-aligned logistics accounting; Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)/Level of Information Need (LOIN)-based information requirements; selective assurance; uncertainty-aware disclosure; and integrated digital measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems combining Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) platforms, Artificial Intelligence (AI) validation, and blockchain. Collectively, these measures enable comparable, verifiable data and support scalable decarbonization.

There are limited studies related to safety violations among Hong Kong construction workers. This study seeks to fill a gap in previous research and provide insight into the current safety violation phenomenon by examining the causes of safety violations. A mixed-method strategy is adopted for this study. The quantitative questionnaire survey, with 365 valid responses, examined the relationships by adapting the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Thirty-seven semi-structured interviews were then completed to explore the phenomenon. The findings show that intention has a significant impact on safety violations. Two proximal factors (perceived behavioural control (PBC) and attitude) significantly influence their intention, with PBC being the most significant factor. High Reliability Organising, which is the distal factor contributing to PBC, attitude, and descriptive norms, offers a new era of construction safety management that requires a sense of reflectiveness for ongoing improvement. To enhance workers’ intentions, practical interventions can be developed that focus on PBC and attitude. Training should be tailor-made to cater to the specific characteristics demonstrated by different work groups such as young and elderly workers. The government should also review the current weaknesses of safety training.

Research directly related to safety violations among Hong Kong construction workers is limited. This study aims to fill a gap in existing research and provides insight into the current safety violation phenomenon. A meaningful contribution can be made by examining the causes of safety violations. A mixed-method strategy is adopted for this study. The quantitative questionnaire survey, with 365 valid responses, examined the relationships by adapting the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Thirty-seven qualitative semi-structured interviews were then conducted to explore the phenomenon. The results suggest that the intention of Hong Kong construction workers is positively linked to safety violations and compliance. Two proximal factors, perceived behavioural control and attitude, significantly influence the intention of construction workers. Perceived behavioural control is the most significant factor. High Reliability Organising is the distal factor contributing to perceived behavioural control, attitude, and descriptive norms. Relevant interventions can be developed to improve workers’ intention through perceived behavioural control and attitude, which in turn would enhance their safety compliance. Training should be tailor-made to align with distinctive features exhibited by young and elder workers. The institutional contributors reveal the reality that all stakeholders should collaborate and improve workers’ safety engagement.

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is promoted as a collaborative project delivery capable of reducing fragmentation, improving information exchange and supporting sustainable project outcomes. However, the practical implementation of IPD often falls short of the benefits stakeholders expect. This review examines the expectation–reality gap in IPD through a systematic literature review of 56 studies published between 2018 and 2025 and analysed using ATLAS.ti 9. The findings identify 11 expectation clusters and nine reality clusters. The expectation patterns are classified into three broader areas of collaborative practice, commercial and risk management, and governance and delivery, whereas the reality patterns relate to strategic and organisational issues, procedural and relational issues and, lastly, implementation and contractual issues. The discussion shows that IPD should be understood not only as a contractual arrangement but also as a socio-technical and institutional system that requires digital interoperability, trust, aligned objectives, legal readiness, and early stakeholder integration. The paper contributes a pattern–output matrix that links expectation clusters to reality barriers and translates the findings into future research directions for stakeholders.