Paddy fields are significant anthropogenic sources of methane (CH₄) emissions. In southern Brazil, rice is grown in lowland flooded areas once a year, followed by a long fallow period. This study aimed to measure CH₄ fluxes in a rice paddy field in southern Brazil during the rice-growing season of 2015/2016 and the following fallow period. The fluxes were estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique and soil chamber (SC). Diurnal and seasonal variations of CH₄ fluxes and potential meteorological drivers were analyzed. The CH₄ fluxes showed distinct diurnal variations in each analyzed subperiod (vegetative, reproductive, pre-harvest, no rice, and land preparation), characterized by a single-peak diurnal pattern. The variables that most influenced methane emissions were air and surface temperatures. In the growing season, the rice vegetative stage was responsible for most of the measured emissions. The accumulated annual emission estimated was 44.88 g CH₄ m⁻² y⁻¹, being 64% (28.50 g CH₄ m⁻²) due to the rice-growing season and 36% (16.38 g CH₄ m⁻²) due to the fallow period. These results show the importance of including fallow periods in strategies to mitigate methane emissions in flood irrigated rice-growing areas.

The aim of this work is to perform an analysis of the CO2 relationship between nocturnal fluxes of soil and ecosystem, in na agroecossystem as atmospheric variables (soil temperature, solidity, and singleness), under the soya tillage system in southern Brazil. To calculate the fluxes, automatic soil chamber system and the EddyCovariance system were used. The preliminary analysis showed that soil moisture controls the emission of CO2 and the CO2 cumulative flux of the soil is greater than the atmosferic flow.

No presente trabalho, medidas de anemometria sônica em 16 níveis verticais da torre ATTO foram utilizadas para avaliar a variação temporal dos (co)espectros de multiresolução das componentes da velocidade do vento e temperatura. Esta metodologia tornou possível visualizar, em uma grande extensão vertical, quais as escalas do movimento turbulento que mais contribuem para a energia cinética turbulenta e no transporte turbulento de uma quantidade sobre a Floresta Amazônica. Ainda neste aspecto, foi possível identificar as escalas dos turbilhões mais efetivos no processo de entranhamento no início da manhã. A análise de multiresolução também evidenciou a necessidade de se determinar a escala da lacuna espectral para a obtenção de estimativas mais robustas dos fluxos turbulentos, mesmo que para o período diurno.

Forest–atmosphere interactions through mass and energy fluxes significantly influence climate processes. However, due to anthropogenic actions, native Araucaria forests in southern Brazil, part of the Atlantic Forest biome, have been drastically reduced. This study quantifies CO₂ and energy flux contributions from each forest stratum to improve understanding of surface–atmosphere interactions. Eddy covariance data from November 2009 to April 2012 were used to assess fluxes in an Araucaria forest in Paraná, Brazil, across the ecosystem, understory, and overstory strata. On average, the ecosystem acts as a carbon sink of −298.96 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, with absorption doubling in spring–summer compared to autumn–winter. The understory primarily acts as a source, while the overstory functions as a CO₂ sink, driving carbon absorption. The overstory contributes 63% of the gross primary production (GPP) and 75% of the latent heat flux, while the understory accounts for 94% of the ecosystem respiration (RE). The energy fluxes exhibited marked seasonality, with higher latent and sensible heat fluxes in summer, with sensible heat predominantly originating from the overstory. Annual ecosystem evapotranspiration reaches 1010 mm yr⁻¹: 60% of annual precipitation. Water-use efficiency is 2.85 g C kgH₂O⁻¹, with higher values in autumn–winter and in the understory. The influence of meteorological variables on the fluxes was analyzed across different scales and forest strata, showing that solar radiation is the main driver of daily fluxes, while air temperature and vapor pressure deficit are more relevant at monthly scales. This study highlights the overstory’s dominant role in carbon absorption and energy fluxes, reinforcing the need to preserve these ecosystems for their crucial contributions to climate regulation and water-use efficiency.

Changes in land use can have significant impacts on physical processes that act between the surface and atmosphere. Crop residues deposited on the soil surface can affect soil response to environmental variables. In this work, we analyze the effects of straw layers (SL) bare soil (BS) soil on surface and soil variables in a subtropical climate region in southern Brazil. We analyze measured data of surface temperatures, soil temperatures, soil volumetric water content and soil heat flux from May to November 2015, , with straw layer replaced three time. The presence of a straw layer increase soil volumetric water content (VWC) by 5% to 15%, decrease the surface and soil temperatures and the soil heat flux, besides present a lower thermal amplitude than bare soil. The soil and surface temperature are more sensitive to VWC variations in bare soil. These results can be applied in land surface and agricultural models to better represent the thermal soil behavior.

Neste artigo apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para interpolar os dados meteorológicos oriundos de Modelos Regionais de Previsão de Tempo, ex. BRAMS, permitindo o acoplamento entre estes modelos e os modelos de dispersão atmosférica. Para a avaliação desta ferramenta, os campos de vento da saída do BRAMS são utilizados como dados de entrada no Modelo de Dispersão Atmosférica (Zimora), desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Micrometeorologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM).