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To better understand the relationships between soil pore structure features and soil CO2 emission and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration following different straw return modes, undisturbed soil cores (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) were collected from a rice-wheat rotation system under 4 straw return treatments as (1) no straw return (CK), (2) straw direct return (DR), (3) straw biochar return (BR); (4) straw-pig manure fermentation return (FR) for six years. Pore structure parameters including pore size distribution, porosity, connectivity, anisotropy and fractal dimension (FD) were determined using X-ray computer tomography. Soil CO2 flux and concentrations of SOC, readily oxidable carbon and nutrients were also measured. The results showed that BR and FR had significantly higher SOC concentration than DR and CK. Porosity and number of >500 μm and 500-100 μm macropores, FD and connectivity were significantly highest under FR and was lowest under BR. FR and DR produced 28.1%–32.4% higher C–CO2 than CK and BR in wheat growing season, and 9.80%–16.9% higher in rice season. Soil CO2 emission and C concentrations were significantly related to soil pore structure parameters. The CO2 emission was most significantly related to number of >500 μm pores and FD, indicating that poorly developed pore structure under BR hindered the production and diffusion of CO2 from soil. These results enhanced our understanding of the relationship between soil pore structure and CO2 emission following biochar application, and provided evidence for decision making process in choosing proper straw managements to promote SOC sequestration and reduce CO2 emission.
Ruqin Fan; Baohua Zhang; Jiangye Li; Zhenhua Zhang; Aizhen Liang. Straw-derived biochar mitigates CO2 emission through changes in soil pore structure in a wheat-rice rotation system. Chemosphere 2019, 243, 125329 .
AMA StyleRuqin Fan, Baohua Zhang, Jiangye Li, Zhenhua Zhang, Aizhen Liang. Straw-derived biochar mitigates CO2 emission through changes in soil pore structure in a wheat-rice rotation system. Chemosphere. 2019; 243 ():125329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuqin Fan; Baohua Zhang; Jiangye Li; Zhenhua Zhang; Aizhen Liang. 2019. "Straw-derived biochar mitigates CO2 emission through changes in soil pore structure in a wheat-rice rotation system." Chemosphere 243, no. : 125329.
The utilization of Chlorella for the dual goals of biofuel production and wastewater nutrient removal is highly attractive. Moreover, this technology combined with flue gas (rich in CO2) cleaning is considered to be an effective way of improving biofuel production. However, the sterilization of wastewater is an energy-consuming step. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate a cost-effective method of culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa in unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production by sparging air or simulated flue gas, including algal biomass production, lipid production, nutrient removal rate and the mutual effects between algae and other microbes. The average biomass productivity of C. pyrenoidosa reached 0.11 g L−1 day−1/0.15 g L−1 day−1 and the average lipid productivity reached 19.3 mg L−1 day−1/30.0 mg L−1 day−1 when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively. This method achieved fairish nutrient removal efficiency with respect to chemical oxygen demand (43.9%/55.1% when sparging air and simulated flue gas, respectively), ammonia (98.7%/100% when sparging air and simulated flue gas, respectively), total nitrogen (38.6%/51.9% when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively) and total phosphorus (42.8%/60.5% when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively). Culturing C. pyrenoidosa strongly influenced the microbial community in piggery wastewater. In particular, culturing C. pyrenoidosa enriched the abundance of the obligate parasite Vampirovibrionales, which can result in the death of Chlorella. The study provided a comprehensive evaluation of culturing C. pyrenoidosa in unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production. The results indicated that this cost-effective method is feasible but has considerable room for improving. More importantly, this study elucidated the mutual effects between algae and other microbes. In particular, a detrimental effect of the obligate parasite Vampirovibrionales on algal biomass and lipid production was found.
Weiguo Zhang; Jiangye Li; Zhenhua Zhang; Guangping Fan; Yuchun Ai; Yan Gao; Gang Pan. Comprehensive evaluation of a cost-effective method of culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa with unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2019, 12, 1 -11.
AMA StyleWeiguo Zhang, Jiangye Li, Zhenhua Zhang, Guangping Fan, Yuchun Ai, Yan Gao, Gang Pan. Comprehensive evaluation of a cost-effective method of culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa with unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 2019; 12 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiguo Zhang; Jiangye Li; Zhenhua Zhang; Guangping Fan; Yuchun Ai; Yan Gao; Gang Pan. 2019. "Comprehensive evaluation of a cost-effective method of culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa with unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production." Biotechnology for Biofuels 12, no. 1: 1-11.
The dramatic growth of the world’s population is increasing the pressure on natural resources, particularly on soil systems. At the same time, inappropriate agricultural practices are causing widespread soil degradation. Improved management of soil resources and identification of the potential agricultural capability of soils is therefore needed to prevent further land degradation, particularly in dryland areas such as Egypt. Here, we present a case study in the El-Fayoum depression (Northern Egypt) to model and map soil suitability for 12 typical Mediterranean crops. Two management scenarios were analyzed: the current situation (CS) and an optimal scenario (OS) of soil variables. The Almagra model was applied to estimate soil suitability under CS and OS. Management options based on the CS assessment were proposed to reduce some limiting factors: a fixed value of 2 dSm−1 for soil salinity and 5% for sodium saturation; these defined the OS. Under optimal management, the OS scenario showed potential, where a notable increase of the area covered by a high suitability class (around 80%) for annual and semi-annual crops was observed. There was also a marked increase (about 70% for CS and 50% for OS) for perennial crops shifting from the marginal to moderate soil suitability class. The results reveal the importance of proper management to massively alter soil suitability into better states in order to achieve sustainable land use in this fertile agro-ecosystem.
Sameh Abd-Elmabod; Noura Bakr; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Paulo Pereira; Zhenhua Zhang; Artemi Cerdà; Antonio Jordán; Hani Mansour; Diego De La Rosa; Laurence Jones. Assessment of Soil Suitability for Improvement of Soil Factors and Agricultural Management. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1588 .
AMA StyleSameh Abd-Elmabod, Noura Bakr, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Paulo Pereira, Zhenhua Zhang, Artemi Cerdà, Antonio Jordán, Hani Mansour, Diego De La Rosa, Laurence Jones. Assessment of Soil Suitability for Improvement of Soil Factors and Agricultural Management. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSameh Abd-Elmabod; Noura Bakr; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Paulo Pereira; Zhenhua Zhang; Artemi Cerdà; Antonio Jordán; Hani Mansour; Diego De La Rosa; Laurence Jones. 2019. "Assessment of Soil Suitability for Improvement of Soil Factors and Agricultural Management." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1588.
Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption characteristics of tetracycline (TC), and the interactive effects of copper (Cu) on the adsorption of TC onto water hyacinth roots. TC removal efficiency by water hyacinth roots was ranging from 58.9% to 84.6%, for virgin TC, 1:1 TC-Cu and 1:2 TC-Cu. The Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the adsorption data well. Thermodynamics parameters ΔG0 for TC were more negative in the TC plus Cu than the TC-only treatments, indicating the spontaneity of TC adsorption increased with increasing of Cu concentrations. An elevated temperature was associated with increasing adsorption of TC by water hyacinth roots. The additions of Cu(II) significantly increased TC adsorption onto water hyacinth roots within the pH range 4 to 6, because copper formed a strong metal bridge between root surface and TC molecule, facilitating the adsorption of TC by roots. However, Cu(II) hindered TC adsorption onto water hyacinth roots on the whole at pH range from 6–10, since the stronger electrostatic repulsion and formation of CuOH+ and Cu(OH)2. Therefore, the interaction between Cu(II) and TC under different environmental conditions should be taken into account to understand the environmental behavior, fate, and ecotoxicity of TC.
Xin Lu; Beibei Tang; Qi Zhang; Lizhu Liu; Ruqin Fan; Zhenhua Zhang. The Presence of Cu Facilitates Adsorption of Tetracycline (TC) onto Water Hyacinth Roots. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1982 .
AMA StyleXin Lu, Beibei Tang, Qi Zhang, Lizhu Liu, Ruqin Fan, Zhenhua Zhang. The Presence of Cu Facilitates Adsorption of Tetracycline (TC) onto Water Hyacinth Roots. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (9):1982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Lu; Beibei Tang; Qi Zhang; Lizhu Liu; Ruqin Fan; Zhenhua Zhang. 2018. "The Presence of Cu Facilitates Adsorption of Tetracycline (TC) onto Water Hyacinth Roots." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1982.
Heavy metal allocation in clonal organs, stems, leaves, and roots has not been systematically studied for rhizomatous perennial plants. Here, pot experiments have been designed to investigate lead (Pb) distribution in different organs of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common reed subjected to 0–4500 mg Pb kg−1 under both flood and drought conditions. In either water treatment, Pb concentrations in offspring shoots were lower than in parent shoots; however, the opposite response was observed for biomass allocation for which parent shoots protected offspring shoots. Lower allocation of Pb to leaves rather than stems in offspring shoots could be a protective strategy of leaves under flood conditions. Lower Pb allocation to rhizomes is better for rhizome growth. This further provides energy for the growth of buds and offspring shoots, because the rhizome biomass and the number of buds and offspring shoots were not significantly inhibited by Pb levels of ≤ 3000 mg kg−1 in the flooded environment. These Pb allocation strategies could enhance the resistance capacity of reeds to Pb contamination by stabilizing population propagation and productivity, especially at Pb levels of ≤ 3000 mg kg−1 under flood conditions.
Na Zhang; Jing Chen; Zhiqiang Li; Yujie Shi; Chunsheng Mu; Zhenhua Zhang. Strategies for lead distribution in organs of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Common reed) subjected to Pb pollution in flood and drought environments. Hydrobiologia 2018, 819, 53 -66.
AMA StyleNa Zhang, Jing Chen, Zhiqiang Li, Yujie Shi, Chunsheng Mu, Zhenhua Zhang. Strategies for lead distribution in organs of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Common reed) subjected to Pb pollution in flood and drought environments. Hydrobiologia. 2018; 819 (1):53-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Zhang; Jing Chen; Zhiqiang Li; Yujie Shi; Chunsheng Mu; Zhenhua Zhang. 2018. "Strategies for lead distribution in organs of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Common reed) subjected to Pb pollution in flood and drought environments." Hydrobiologia 819, no. 1: 53-66.
Resistance strategies of clonal organs, and parent and offspring shoots of Phragmites australis (common reed) to heavy metal pollution in soils are not well known. To clarify the tolerance or resistance strategies in reeds, we conducted a pot experiment with five levels of Pb concentration (0∼4,500 mg kg−1) in flood and drought conditions. Lead toxicity had no inhibitory effect on the number of offspring shoots in flood environment; however, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic and clonal growth parameters were inhibited in both water environment. At each treatment of Pb concentration, offspring shoots had greater biomass and higher photosynthesis indicators than parent shoots. The lowest Pb allocation was found in rhizomes. More of the Pb transported to above-ground parts tended to accumulate in parent shoots rather than in offspring shoots. Biomass and photosynthesis of offspring shoots, rhizome length, and the number of buds, rhizomes and offspring shoots in the flooded treatment were significantly greater than those in the drought treatment. Our results indicated that the tolerance strategies used by reeds, including higher biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in offspring shoots, low allocation of Pb in rhizomes and offspring shoots, and stable clonal growth, maintained the stability of population propagation and productivity, improving the resistance of reeds to Pb pollution in flood environment. However, the resistance or tolerance was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of Pb and drought, which significantly inhibited biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, and clonal growth of reeds.
Na Zhang; Jinwei Zhang; Zhiqiang Li; Jing Chen; Zhenhua Zhang; Chunsheng Mu. Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions. PeerJ 2018, 6, e4188 .
AMA StyleNa Zhang, Jinwei Zhang, Zhiqiang Li, Jing Chen, Zhenhua Zhang, Chunsheng Mu. Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions. PeerJ. 2018; 6 ():e4188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Zhang; Jinwei Zhang; Zhiqiang Li; Jing Chen; Zhenhua Zhang; Chunsheng Mu. 2018. "Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions." PeerJ 6, no. : e4188.
Composting is one of the post-treatment methods for phytoremediation plants. Due to a high potential of water hyacinth to accumulate pollutants, the physicochemical parameters, microbial activity as well as fates of copper (Cu) and tetracyclines (TCs) were investigated for the different amended water hyacinth biomass harvested from intensive livestock and poultry wastewater, including unamended water hyacinth (W), water hyacinth amended with peat (WP), and water hyacinth amended with pig manure (WPM) during the composting process. Pig manure application accelerated the composting process as evidenced by an increase of temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), NH4-N, as well as functional diversity of microbial communities compared to W and WP treatments. Composting process was slowed down by high Cu, but not by TCs. The addition of peat significantly increased the residual fraction of Cu, while pig manure addition increased available Cu concentration in the final compost. Cu could be effectively transformed into low available (oxidizable) and residual fractions after fermentation. In contrast, less than 0.5% of initial concentrations of TCs were determined at the end of 60-day composting for all treatments in the final composts. The dissipation of TCs was accelerated by the high Cu concentration during composting. Therefore, composting is an effective method for the post-treatment and resource utilization of phytoremediation plants containing Cu and/or TCs.
Xin Lu; Lizhu Liu; Ruqin Fan; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Zed Rengel; Zhenhua Zhang. Dynamics of copper and tetracyclines during composting of water hyacinth biomass amended with peat or pig manure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 23584 -23597.
AMA StyleXin Lu, Lizhu Liu, Ruqin Fan, Jia Luo, Shaohua Yan, Zed Rengel, Zhenhua Zhang. Dynamics of copper and tetracyclines during composting of water hyacinth biomass amended with peat or pig manure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (30):23584-23597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Lu; Lizhu Liu; Ruqin Fan; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Zed Rengel; Zhenhua Zhang. 2017. "Dynamics of copper and tetracyclines during composting of water hyacinth biomass amended with peat or pig manure." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 30: 23584-23597.
Water bodies are major areas for methane release. Eutrophic water bodies may promote methane flux. The sediment-water interface is the major location for methane release, and studies on sediment-water interactions are necessary to regulate methane release in water. However, relevant studies on methane flux at the sediment-water interface are limited due to methodological difficulties. Using an innovative gas trapping device, this study investigated the seasonal characteristics and diel variation in summer methane flux from eutrophic water bodies and analyzed the correlations between temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), different forms of nitrogen and the methane flux at different time scales. The results showed that methane flux in the eutrophic pond was high and had distinct seasonal variations and diel variations: the average value was 2.81 ± 0.19 mmol m−2 h−1 in summer, which was significantly greater than that in spring (0.62 ± 0.14 mmol m−2 h−1), autumn (0.63 ± 0.10 mmol m−2 h−1) (p < 0.01) and winter (approached zero). The diel characteristics of methane flux in summer exhibited a unimodal pattern of increase at night and decrease during the day. The correlation analysis showed that the sediment-water methane flux rate of the water body was significantly positively correlated with the temperature and NH4+ concentration and significantly negatively correlated with DO, NO3− and NO2− concentration. Meanwhile, among different time scales, the correlations between NO3−/NH4+ concentration and methane flux were the highest at the diel scale in summer (R2 = 0.68, 0.87 respectively) when the temperature and DO vibration was low and the relationship between temperature/DO and methane flux was poor (R2 = 0.45, 0.87 respectively). This study considered that higher NH4+-N and lower NO3−-N/NO2−-N content in eutrophic water could have an effect on the high methane flux in summer as well as the low dissolved oxygen content.
Xinhong Liu; Yan Gao; Zhenhua Zhang; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan. Sediment-Water Methane Flux in a Eutrophic Pond and Primary Influential Factors at Different Time Scales. Water 2017, 9, 601 .
AMA StyleXinhong Liu, Yan Gao, Zhenhua Zhang, Jia Luo, Shaohua Yan. Sediment-Water Methane Flux in a Eutrophic Pond and Primary Influential Factors at Different Time Scales. Water. 2017; 9 (8):601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinhong Liu; Yan Gao; Zhenhua Zhang; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan. 2017. "Sediment-Water Methane Flux in a Eutrophic Pond and Primary Influential Factors at Different Time Scales." Water 9, no. 8: 601.
Soil contamination by heavy metals is a problem in agricultural irrigation systems. To assess the accumulation and sources of heavy metals in the Yongji irrigation district of the Hetao area, Inner Mongolia, China, 195 soil samples from 39 sites (0–100 cm) were collected, and Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd concentrations were analyzed. The mean concentrations were 107.17, 32.48, 12.31, 53.53, and 0.22 mg kg−1, respectively, with no significant differences between soil depths (P > 0.05). Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd were higher than the background levels, with moderate accumulation; the contamination factor (CF) values were 1.9, 1.7, and 1.9, respectively, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was > 0. Concentrations of Pb and Cr were lower than, or close to, the background levels (CF < 1, Igeo < 0), indicating that they originated from a natural source. The monomial potential ecological risk index (Eir) for Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cr was low; Eir for Cd was 55.73, implying a moderate risk. The grade of potential ecological risk index of the five heavy metals (RI) was low, declining from south to north. The studied soils were contaminated with Zn, Cu, and Cd; principal component (PC) analysis implicated the enrichment of Cd and partial Cu (high loading in PC 2) was related to agricultural activities; Zn and partial Cu, closely associated with PC 3, may have originated from irrigation water from the Yellow River. Future agricultural development should focus on fertilizer and pesticide application and the quality of irrigation water.
Yangchun Zhu; Lijin Wang; Xueyong Zhao; Jie Lian; Zhenhua Zhang. Accumulation and potential sources of heavy metals in soils of the Hetao area, Inner Mongolia, China. Pedosphere 2017, 30, 244 -252.
AMA StyleYangchun Zhu, Lijin Wang, Xueyong Zhao, Jie Lian, Zhenhua Zhang. Accumulation and potential sources of heavy metals in soils of the Hetao area, Inner Mongolia, China. Pedosphere. 2017; 30 (2):244-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYangchun Zhu; Lijin Wang; Xueyong Zhao; Jie Lian; Zhenhua Zhang. 2017. "Accumulation and potential sources of heavy metals in soils of the Hetao area, Inner Mongolia, China." Pedosphere 30, no. 2: 244-252.
The gas trapping device method (GTD) is a relatively new method to measure N2 flux from waters. However, the non-equilibrium diffusion error and the reliability of GTD method compared to other previously established N2 flux measurement methods has not been evaluated. In this study, the diffusive error of GTD, coming from non-equilibrium N2 partial pressure between the headspace inside the gas sample bottle and the air, was estimated using a sterilization experiment. Moreover, the GTD and MIMS methods were compared for measuring N2 flux from water under similar conditions. The results showed that there were maximum diffusion errors of 2.99% in the sample bottles prefilled with pure Helium, while only 1.09–1.76% diffusion errors in bottles prefilled with other N2 standard gas (15% or 75%), indicating minor non-equilibrium diffusion errors. N2 fluxes from water measured by GTD and MIMS methods are quite similar under all three concentrations of nitrate (5.30, 10.55 and 17.25 mg L−1) and two levels of temperature (20 and 30 °C). Therefore, the GTD method offers a reliable alternative method to estimate N2 flux rate in aquatic ecosystem.
Xinhong Liu; Yan Gao; Yongqiang Zhao; Yan Wang; Neng Yi; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. Supplemental tests of gas trapping device for N2 flux measurement. Ecological Engineering 2016, 93, 9 -12.
AMA StyleXinhong Liu, Yan Gao, Yongqiang Zhao, Yan Wang, Neng Yi, Zhenhua Zhang, Shaohua Yan. Supplemental tests of gas trapping device for N2 flux measurement. Ecological Engineering. 2016; 93 ():9-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinhong Liu; Yan Gao; Yongqiang Zhao; Yan Wang; Neng Yi; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. 2016. "Supplemental tests of gas trapping device for N2 flux measurement." Ecological Engineering 93, no. : 9-12.
This study investigated the effects of eighteen l-amino acids on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Under the nitrate deficiency condition, ten l-amino acids were found to exert stronger stimulative effects on the algal growth than the other amino acids. After 10-day culture, addition of 0.5gL(-1) the above mentioned ten amino acids significantly increased the cellular protein contents by 441.3-110.8%, respectively, and significantly decreased the carbohydrate contents by 60.7-16.2%, respectively. Under the normal nitrate condition, the cellular biochemical composition was not significantly affected by addition of serine, leucine, proline, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glycine, whereas addition of aspartic acid and arginine increased the algal biomass by 110.2% and 62.8% compared with the control. Finally, the significance of this work in the biotechnological application of culturing C. pyrenoidosa in organic wastewater rich in amino acids was further discussed.
Weiguo Zhang; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. Effects of various amino acids as organic nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Bioresource Technology 2015, 197, 458 -464.
AMA StyleWeiguo Zhang, Zhenhua Zhang, Shaohua Yan. Effects of various amino acids as organic nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Bioresource Technology. 2015; 197 ():458-464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiguo Zhang; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. 2015. "Effects of various amino acids as organic nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa." Bioresource Technology 197, no. : 458-464.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and nutrient uptake by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under the combined stress of typical veterinary antibiotic tetracyclines (TCs) with copper (Cu). Although E. crassipes proved relatively high tolerance to the co‐contamination of Cu and TCs, the plant growth and nutrient uptake were significantly and interactively influenced by co‐contamination between Cu and TCs after 20 days of growth. The inhibitory effects of Cu or TCs were more evident on physiological parameters than morphological parameters. An increase in the concentrations of Cu or TCs in solution was associated with a greater decrease in plant growth and nutrient uptake. The growth of shoots and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake by shoots were less affected by Cu/TCs compared to roots. The inhibitory effect of TCs on plants growth and nutrient uptake was much stronger than that of Cu, but the opposite was true for N and P concentrations in plant tissues. The mixture of TCs with the low‐Cu showed a reduction in plant growth and nutrient uptake compared with the sole treatments of TCs; while the inhibition was alleviated with increases of Cu concentrations in solution. Therefore, the interactive effects of TCs and Cu should be taken into consideration to achieve a better knowledge on phytotoxicity and bioavailability of co‐contamination between antibiotics and heavy metals to aquatic plants.
Xin Lü; Yan Gao; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Tong Wang; Lizhu Liu; Zhenhua Zhang. Interactive Effects of Tetracyclines and Copper on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake byEichhornia crassipes. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2015, 44, 96 -104.
AMA StyleXin Lü, Yan Gao, Jia Luo, Shaohua Yan, Tong Wang, Lizhu Liu, Zhenhua Zhang. Interactive Effects of Tetracyclines and Copper on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake byEichhornia crassipes. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2015; 44 (1):96-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Lü; Yan Gao; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Tong Wang; Lizhu Liu; Zhenhua Zhang. 2015. "Interactive Effects of Tetracyclines and Copper on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake byEichhornia crassipes." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 44, no. 1: 96-104.
Most previous researches have focused on biochar application in agricultural soils; however, limited information is available concerning the effects of biochar amendment on greenhouse substrate properties. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate effects of wheat straw biochar (0–160 mL L−1) and super absorbent polymer (SAP, 0.8 g L−1) on physical and chemical properties of a substrate based on spent pig litter compost and the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). Total porosity, water-holding capacity, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrate significantly increased with increasing biochar rates, especially in the substrate without SAP. The values of pH and EC were significantly lower in the substrate with SAP than those without SAP at the high biochar application rates (100–160 mL L−1). The germination rates of water spinach decreased with increasing biochar rates when biochar was added alone (76.9%–83.7%), whereas the rates increased to 83.6%–85.8% when biochar was added in combination with SAP. Growth parameters of water spinach and nutrient uptake by shoots and roots increased with increasing biochar rates and reached the maximum values at the biochar rate of 100 mL L−1. There were significant cubic relationships between the uptake of nutrients (N, P, and K) and biochar rates, both with and without SAP addition. In order to avoid negative effects on plant growth, the biochar application rate should be controlled at an optimal level (100 mL L−1). The SAP addition not only enhanced the positive effects of biochar application on the properties of the substrate, but also inhibited the excessive rise of pH and EC following biochar additions, which led to better plant growth and enhanced nutrient uptakes by water spinach.
Ruqin Fan; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Yunlai Zhou; Zhenhua Zhang. Effects of Biochar and Super Absorbent Polymer on Substrate Properties and Water Spinach Growth. Pedosphere 2015, 25, 737 -748.
AMA StyleRuqin Fan, Jia Luo, Shaohua Yan, Yunlai Zhou, Zhenhua Zhang. Effects of Biochar and Super Absorbent Polymer on Substrate Properties and Water Spinach Growth. Pedosphere. 2015; 25 (5):737-748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuqin Fan; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Yunlai Zhou; Zhenhua Zhang. 2015. "Effects of Biochar and Super Absorbent Polymer on Substrate Properties and Water Spinach Growth." Pedosphere 25, no. 5: 737-748.
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) may provide an alternative solution for the removal of co-contamination between antibiotics and heavy metals from livestock and poultry wastewater. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate interaction of tetracyclines (TCs) and copper (Cu) on growth of E. crassipes, removal of TCs and Cu by plants and their fates in solution. After 20 days, plant growth, concentrations and accumulation of Cu and TCs in plants, removal by plants, and dissipation in solution were significantly influenced by interaction of Cu and TCs. Influence of only Cu or TCs on plant growth was not significant, except for TCs at 15 mg L−1 which produced a negative effect on plant biomass. The presence of low-Cu and high-TCs acted synergistically to promote the negative effect of TCs on plant biomass, but increasing Cu concentration partially alleviated the adverse effect. Co-contamination of low-concentration Cu and TCs could exert antagonistic effects on the removal and accumulation of Cu and TCs by plants; in contrast, synergistic effects were found for the combination of high-concentration Cu and TCs. The Cu/TCs in solution could effectively be removed using E. crassipes. Plants significantly enhanced dissipation of TCs in solution. Hence, interaction of TCs and Cu should be taken into consideration when judging (1) an ecotoxicological potential of TCs and Cu residues in aquatic environments, and (2) removal efficiency of TCs and Cu in phytoremediation.
Xin Lu; Yan Gao; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Zed Rengel; Zhenhua Zhang. Interaction of veterinary antibiotic tetracyclines and copper on their fates in water and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Hazardous Materials 2014, 280, 389 -398.
AMA StyleXin Lu, Yan Gao, Jia Luo, Shaohua Yan, Zed Rengel, Zhenhua Zhang. Interaction of veterinary antibiotic tetracyclines and copper on their fates in water and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2014; 280 ():389-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Lu; Yan Gao; Jia Luo; Shaohua Yan; Zed Rengel; Zhenhua Zhang. 2014. "Interaction of veterinary antibiotic tetracyclines and copper on their fates in water and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)." Journal of Hazardous Materials 280, no. : 389-398.
The floating aquatic macrophyte may stimulate the gaseous nitrogen production via denitrificaiton in eutrophic water. In order to justify this hypothesis, an improved floating-chamber method was deployed to directly measure the productions of N2 and N2O from the eutrophic water with or without growth of Eichhornia crassipes. The abundance of denitrifiers attached to E. crassipes root surface and in the water was measured. The interactions between E. crassipes and sediment on mediating N2 production in eutrophic water were also analyzed. Within the experimental duration of 12 days, the values of N-15 at.% excess of N2-N were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with the growth of E. crassipes than that without. Regardless of added sediment or not, the total removal amounts of N2 and N2O from the water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the planted treatments (4.9–6.7 g N m−3 without added sediment; 9.8–12.4 g N m−3 with added sediment) than non-planted treatments (2.9–3.4 g N m−3 without added sediment; 3.6–6.0 g N m−3 with added sediment). The total removal rates of N2 and N2O from the water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the planted treatments (63–71% without added sediment; 161–179% with added sediment) than non-planted treatments (41–44% without added sediment; 79–81% with added sediment). Regardless of plant presence or absence, the total removal amounts and rates of N2 and N2O from the water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatments with added sediment than without. The positive interactions (p < 0.01) between E. crassipes and sediment on promoting N2 production from the water were observed. The presence of E. crassipes significantly promoted the abundances of nosZ (p < 0.05), nirK (p < 0.01) and nirS gene (p < 0.01) in the water. The results indicated that cultivation of E. crassipes could have a stimulating effect on the gaseous production of N2 by denitrification in the eutrophic water.
Yan Gao; Neng Yi; Yan Wang; Tao Ma; Qing Zhou; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. Effect of Eichhornia crassipes on production of N2 by denitrification in eutrophic water. Ecological Engineering 2014, 68, 14 -24.
AMA StyleYan Gao, Neng Yi, Yan Wang, Tao Ma, Qing Zhou, Zhenhua Zhang, Shaohua Yan. Effect of Eichhornia crassipes on production of N2 by denitrification in eutrophic water. Ecological Engineering. 2014; 68 ():14-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Gao; Neng Yi; Yan Wang; Tao Ma; Qing Zhou; Zhenhua Zhang; Shaohua Yan. 2014. "Effect of Eichhornia crassipes on production of N2 by denitrification in eutrophic water." Ecological Engineering 68, no. : 14-24.
Diazotrophs in the soil may be influenced by plant factors as well as nitrogen (N) fertilization. In this study, we investigated potential diazotrophic communities in the rhizosphere of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) supplied with differing amounts of N. The community structure of N2-fixing bacteria was profiled using the length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) based on a variation in the nifH gene. Higher numbers of diazotrophs were detected by T-RFLP compared to LH-PCR. The lowest number of N2-fixing bacteria was observed in the rhizosphere soil with high N fertilization. T-RFLP was a better method than LH-PCR for profiling microbial diversity of diazotrophs using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) of fingerprints as well as diversity measures. The supply of N fertilizer appeared to negatively influence the abundance of diazotrophs in the rhizophere of the Jerusalem artichoke.
Xianfa Meng; Lin Wang; Xiaohua Long; Zhaopu Liu; Zhenhua Zhang; Rengel Zed. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on diazotrophic communities in the rhizosphere of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Research in Microbiology 2012, 163, 349 -356.
AMA StyleXianfa Meng, Lin Wang, Xiaohua Long, Zhaopu Liu, Zhenhua Zhang, Rengel Zed. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on diazotrophic communities in the rhizosphere of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Research in Microbiology. 2012; 163 (5):349-356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfa Meng; Lin Wang; Xiaohua Long; Zhaopu Liu; Zhenhua Zhang; Rengel Zed. 2012. "Influence of nitrogen fertilization on diazotrophic communities in the rhizosphere of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)." Research in Microbiology 163, no. 5: 349-356.
The growth of emergent wetland plants may be influenced by toxic organic pollutants, which would influence the extent of phytoremediation when used in constructed wetlands. A series of glasshouse experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the growth of various emergent wetland species. The response of species to PAHs varied significantly. A significant interaction (species × PAH treatment) was observed for relative growth rates (RGRs) of Baumea juncea, Baumea articulata, Schoenoplectus validus and Juncus subsecundus in hydroponics with naphthalene, and of B. juncea and J. subsecundus in soils freshly spiked with phenanthrene and pyrene. In hydroponics, biomass of B. articulata significantly increased in the treatments with relatively low addition of naphthalene, whereas that of S. validus significantly increased with all naphthalene additions. In both hydroponics and soils, the growth of B. juncea increased with the PAH (phenanthrene and pyrene) additions, whereas that of J. subsecundus decreased in the treatments with relatively high concentrations of PAHs. The removal of PAHs from soil was not affected significantly by J. subsecundus after 70 days of growth and B. juncea after 150 days of growth. The growth of J. subsecundus was slightly (but not significantly) influenced by the PAH residues in soil. The effect of PAHs on wetland plant growth could be species-specific regardless of PAH types and media. The response of species to PAHs needs to be taken into account when selecting species for wetlands constructed for phytoremediation.
Zhenhua Zhang; Zed Rengel; Kathy Meney. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) differentially influence growth of various emergent wetland species. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 182, 689 -695.
AMA StyleZhenhua Zhang, Zed Rengel, Kathy Meney. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) differentially influence growth of various emergent wetland species. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010; 182 (1-3):689-695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhenhua Zhang; Zed Rengel; Kathy Meney. 2010. "Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) differentially influence growth of various emergent wetland species." Journal of Hazardous Materials 182, no. 1-3: 689-695.