Choosing appropriate tillage methods and nitrogen application are important steps in the management of wheat production for obtaining high-yield and high-quality products, as well as managing the level of weed infestation. The aim of this research was to examine the impacts of three different tillage practices (conventional tillage—CT, mulch tillage—MT, and no tillage—NT), and two top dressing fertilization nitrogen levels (rational—60 kg ha⁻¹ and high—120 kg ha⁻¹) on the grain yield and quality of winter wheat, as well as on weed infestation. The present study was carried out in field experiments on chernozem luvic type soil at the Faculty of Agriculture Belgrade-Zemun Experimental field trial “Radmilovac”, in the growing seasons of 2020/2021–2022/2023. The C/N ratio in the soil was also assessed on all plots. The results showed that the number of weeds and their fresh and air-dry weights were higher on the MT and NT plots, compared to the CT plots. Therefore, the CT system has better effects on the yield (5.91 and 5.36 t ha⁻¹) and the protein content (13.3 and 13.1%). Furthermore, the grain weight per spike and the 1000-grain weight were higher in the wheat from the CT system (41.83 and 42.75 g) than from the MT (40.34 and 41.49 g) and NT (40.26 and 41.08 g) systems. Also, the crops from the CT system had higher values of grain density and grain uniformity compared to the crop from the MT and NT systems. Fertilization with a high nitrogen level (120 kg ha⁻¹) causes higher grain yield and more weediness compared with the rational level (60 kg ha⁻¹). Top dressing fertilization in each tillage system resulted in an increase in the number of weeds, but, at the same time, it also resulted in stronger competitive ability of the wheat crop against weeds. The most favorable C/N ratio occurred on the NT plots, and the least beneficial one on the CT ones. A correlation analysis showed strong negative correlations of number (r = −0.82) and fresh weed mass (r = −0.72) with yield. It is concluded that the conventional tillage practice with a low nitrogen dose manifests its superior performance in minimizing weed infestation and maximizing crop productivity.

The need for global food security requires an increase in wheat production, as the third most common crop in the world with a significant role in the global and Serbian economy Although breeding and agrotechnical measures contribute to yield growth, agriculture faces challenges such as climate change, land degradation and rising input costs that require new approaches to production stability The aim of the research was to identify differences in grain yield and quality between the widely used wheat variety Pobeda and the new wheat variety ML Grigorija, taking into account the influence of the genotype and external conditions The yield and physicochemical properties of grain and flour of ML Grigorija and Pobeda were examined at six locations in Serbia during 2021/22 and 2022/23 The trials were organized according to a random distribution plan in three repetitions, with standard agrotechnical measures The yield was calculated and corrected for the standard moisture content, while the physico-chemical and rheological properties were tested in accredited laboratories according to SRPS ISO standards The obtained results were processed statistically, using the variance analysis method, and the least significant difference test (lsd test) was used for individual comparisons The results showed significant differences in yield, physical and technological properties depending on the factors examined The ML Grigorija variety achieved high yields and good technological quality in favorable conditions, while Pobeda had more stable physical properties and better test stability, which indicates that the selection of the genotype adapted to environmental conditions enables the achievement of high and stable yields and quality.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different organic fertilizers on weed infestation in durum wheat over a two-year period. The experiment was conducted at the "Radmilovac" experimental field, managed by the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture. The durum wheat cultivar "Durumko " was selected for this study . The experiment was established as two factorial, with three repetitions. Factor A consisted of two growing seasons (2023/24 and 2024/25), while factor B included six fertilization treatments involving different organic fertilizers (ZEO PULLUS, ZEO MAG, ZEO FOS and their combination with microbiological fertilizer Slavol) and control treatment. Annual weeds were predominantly represented, with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Consolida regalis S. F. Gray identified as the most abundant species. The highest total number of weeds was recorded in the treatment where organic fertilizer ZEO MAG and microbiological fertilizer Slavol were applied simultaneously. The highest fresh weed biomass was recorded in the treatment with the organic fertilizer ZEO FOS (152 g m-2), and the highest air-dried biomass was also observed in this treatment. Proper fertilization management, harmonized with agroecological conditions, represents an important agronomic measure in the control of weed infestation in durum wheat.

The study on the influence of reduced cultivation technology on the morphological and productive traits of winter wheat was conducted at the ,,Radmilovac" experimental field, managed by Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. The field trial was set up and carried out during the 2022/23 season, as two-factorial, with three replications, on soil type classified as chernosem luvic. The size of each elementary plot was 6 m2. The first factor (A) was the tillage system, with three following variants: Convetional tillage (CT) that represents plow ploughing to a depth of 25cm, as well as pre-sowing cultivation with disc harrow and harrow; Mulch tillage (MT) performed by chisel plow, to a depth of 25cm without inverting the soil, leaving over 30% of crop residues on the soil surface; The third tillage system is based on manual direct sowing, without preliminary tillage, leaving all crop residues on the soil surface. The second investigated factor (B) involved two selected winter wheat cultivars (NS Zvezdana & NS Rajna), grown in a four crop rotation with maize as preceding crop. In all plots, basic fertilization in autumn was performed using NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer at a rate of 600 kg ha-1. Additional nitrogen fertilization was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate (AN) at a rational rate of 60 kg/ha N. Sowing was carried out on October 7th 2022 and harvesting took place in early July 2023. On average, the greatest stem lenght was recorded in the no-tillage system (94,09 cm) while the lowest was observed in the mulch tillage system (82.36 cm), which represents a statistically highly significant difference. The longest average spike length occurred in the mulch tillage system (8.85 cm), whereas the shortest was in the conventional tillage system (7.96 cm), however, the difference between these values was not statistically significant. In terms of grain weight per plant, the highest average value was recorded in the no-tillage system (11.9 g), although this did not differ significantly from the lowest average value found in the conventional system (10.1 g). The highest average grain yield was also observed in the no-tillage system (5.42 t ha-1), which was not statistically significantly different compared to the lowest yield in the conventional tillage system (4.54 t ha-1). The application of rational nutrient inputs and conservation tillage systems can result in satisfactory yields and favorable morphological characteristics, thereby supporting the principles of sustainability, preserving key resources, and enhancing the production of winter wheat.