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Jiying Liu
School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

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Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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This study explores the combination of photovoltaic (PV) panels with a reflector mounted on a building to improve electricity generation. Globally, PV panels have been widely used as a renewable energy technology. In order to obtain more solar irradiance and improve electricity output, this study presents an advanced strategy of a reflector combining PV panels mounted on a building in Calgary, Canada. Based on an experimental database of solar irradiances, the simulation presents an optimal shape designed and tilt angles of the reflector and consequently improves solar radiation gain and electricity outputs. Polished aluminum is selected as the reflector material, and the shape and angle are designed to minimize the interruption of direct solar radiation. The numerical approach demonstrates the improvement in performance using a PV panel tilted at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° and a reflector, tilted at 15.5° or allowed to be tilted flexibly. A reflector tilted at 15.5° can improve solar radiation gains, of the panel, by nearly 5.5–9.2% at lower tilt angles and 14.1–21.1% at higher tilt angles. Furthermore, the flexibly adjusted reflector can improve solar radiation gains on the PV panel, by nearly 12–15.6% at lower tilt angles and 20–26.5% at higher tilt angles. A reflector tilted at 15.5° improves the panel’s output electricity on average by 4–8% with the PV panel tilted at 30° and 45° respectively and 12–19% with the PV panel tilted at 60° and 75°, annually. Moreover, a reflector that can be flexibly tilted improves electricity output on average by 9–12% with the PV panel tilted at 30° and 45° and 17–23% with the PV panel tilted at 60° and 75°. Therefore, the utilization of a reflector improves the performance of the PV panel while incurring a relatively low cost.

ACS Style

Moon Kim; Khalid Abdulkadir; Jiying Liu; Joon-Ho Choi; Huiqing Wen. Optimal Design Strategy of a Solar Reflector Combining Photovoltaic Panels to Improve Electricity Output: A Case Study in Calgary, Canada. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6115 .

AMA Style

Moon Kim, Khalid Abdulkadir, Jiying Liu, Joon-Ho Choi, Huiqing Wen. Optimal Design Strategy of a Solar Reflector Combining Photovoltaic Panels to Improve Electricity Output: A Case Study in Calgary, Canada. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moon Kim; Khalid Abdulkadir; Jiying Liu; Joon-Ho Choi; Huiqing Wen. 2021. "Optimal Design Strategy of a Solar Reflector Combining Photovoltaic Panels to Improve Electricity Output: A Case Study in Calgary, Canada." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6115.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2019 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Spatial and temporal variations of traffic-related particulate pollution, e.g. PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10, were monitored in a university campus in Wuhan, China with mobile and fixed-site approaches. We repeated mobile measurements when there was a high vehicle volume on the major road near the campus and only few traffic in the campus. PM concentrations and GPS coordinates were tracked to plot the spatial distributions of PM concentrations on the streets in the campus. Meanwhile, we carried out the fixed-site monitoring to characterize temporal variation of PM concentrations on the rooftop of two four-floor buildings in the campus, one 140 m and another 700 m away from the major road. Results showed that vehicle emission from the major road could contribute a large portion of PM pollution in the campus, especially with a low background concentration. PM concentration decreased rapidly when it was about 180 m away from the major road. The spatial decays of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were faster than that of PM1.0 concentration. Moreover, the hourly variations of PM concentrations indicated to be correlated with the traffic volume on the major road. This study provided a valuable suggestion for design and planning of urban green infrastructure.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Wei Cai; Shengwei Zhu; Fei Dai. Impacts of vehicle emission from a major road on spatiotemporal variations of neighborhood particulate pollution—A case study in a university campus. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 53, 101917 .

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Wei Cai, Shengwei Zhu, Fei Dai. Impacts of vehicle emission from a major road on spatiotemporal variations of neighborhood particulate pollution—A case study in a university campus. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 53 ():101917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Wei Cai; Shengwei Zhu; Fei Dai. 2019. "Impacts of vehicle emission from a major road on spatiotemporal variations of neighborhood particulate pollution—A case study in a university campus." Sustainable Cities and Society 53, no. : 101917.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper considered an actual neighborhood to quantify impacts of the local urban microclimate on energy consumption for an academic building in College Park, USA. Specifically, this study accounted for solar irradiances on building and ground surfaces to evaluate impacts of the local convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC), infiltration rate, and coefficient of performance (COP) on building cooling systems. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allowed for the calculation of local temperature and velocity values and implementation of the local variables in the building energy simulation (BES) model. The discrepancies among the cases with different CHTCs showed slight influence of CHTCs on sensible load, in which the maximum variations existed 1.95% for sensible cooling load and 3.82% for sensible heating load. The COP analyses indicated windward wall and upstream roof are the best locations for the installation of these cooling systems. This study used adjusted infiltration rate values that take into account the local temperature and velocity. The results indicated the annual cooling and heating energy increased by 2.67% and decreased by 2.18%, respectively.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Nicholas W. Mattise; Jelena Srebric. Quantifying Impacts of Urban Microclimate on a Building Energy Consumption—A Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4921 .

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Mohammad Heidarinejad, Saber Khoshdel Nikkho, Nicholas W. Mattise, Jelena Srebric. Quantifying Impacts of Urban Microclimate on a Building Energy Consumption—A Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Nicholas W. Mattise; Jelena Srebric. 2019. "Quantifying Impacts of Urban Microclimate on a Building Energy Consumption—A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4921.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2019 in Indoor and Built Environment
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This study conducted a series of computational fluid dynamics simulations to evaluate the thermal comfort performance of a radiant floor cooling system when combined with different ventilation systems, including mixed ventilation (MV), stratum ventilation (SV), displacement ventilation (DV) and ductless personalized ventilation (DPV). A window temperature of 32°C and three different floor temperatures including 20, 22 and 24°C were set in summer. We used the vertical air temperature differences (VATD) at ankle and head level, the percentage of dissatisfied, the draught rate at the ankle level and the equivalent temperature as our main evaluation indices. Our results show that the VATD in DV system can reach up to about 5°C, compared with about 2°C in MV and SV systems. For the DPV system, there is only a marginal drop in the VATD. For the DV and DPV cases, with a rate of air changes per hour (ACH) of 2.4−1, we recorded a higher draught rate at the ankle level, ranging from 6.55% to 9.99%. The lower equivalent temperature values for the foot and calf segments occur when the floor temperature is 20°C. In all cases, the equivalent temperature values of the whole body indicate an acceptable level of thermal discomfort.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Zhuangzhuang Li; Moon Keun Kim; Shengwei Zhu; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. A comparison of the thermal comfort performances of a radiation floor cooling system when combined with a range of ventilation systems. Indoor and Built Environment 2019, 29, 527 -542.

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Zhuangzhuang Li, Moon Keun Kim, Shengwei Zhu, Linhua Zhang, Jelena Srebric. A comparison of the thermal comfort performances of a radiation floor cooling system when combined with a range of ventilation systems. Indoor and Built Environment. 2019; 29 (4):527-542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Zhuangzhuang Li; Moon Keun Kim; Shengwei Zhu; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. 2019. "A comparison of the thermal comfort performances of a radiation floor cooling system when combined with a range of ventilation systems." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 4: 527-542.

Review
Published: 01 August 2019 in Sustainability
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an effective analysis method of personalized ventilation (PV) in indoor built environments. As an increasingly important supplement to experimental and theoretical methods, the quality of CFD simulations must be maintained through an adequately controlled numerical modeling process. CFD numerical data can explain PV performance in terms of inhaled air quality, occupants’ thermal comfort, and building energy savings. Therefore, this paper presents state-of-the-art CFD analyses of PV systems in indoor built environments. The results emphasize the importance of accurate thermal boundary conditions for computational thermal manikins (CTMs) to properly analyze the heat exchange between human body and the microenvironment, including both convective and radiative heat exchange. CFD modeling performance is examined in terms of effectiveness of computational grids, convergence criteria, and validation methods. Additionally, indices of PV performance are suggested as system-performance evaluation criteria. A specific utilization of realistic PV air supply diffuser configurations remains a challenging task for further study. Overall, the adaptable airflow characteristics of a PV air supply provide an opportunity to achieve better thermal comfort with lower energy use based on CFD numerical analyses.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Shengwei Zhu; Moon Keun Kim; Jelena Srebric. A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4166 .

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Shengwei Zhu, Moon Keun Kim, Jelena Srebric. A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Shengwei Zhu; Moon Keun Kim; Jelena Srebric. 2019. "A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4166.

Research article
Published: 10 April 2019 in Building Simulation
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This study conducted the numerical simulation to evaluate the performance of a ductless personalized ventilation (DPV) combined with radiant floor cooling system (RFCS) and displacement ventilation (DV) system. In the non-DPV cases, DV supplies air at temperature of 16 °C and 20 °C, respectively with a flow rate of 2.4 ACH. In the cases with DPV, DPV supplies personalized air, which is drawn at the height of 0.1 m or 0.2 m above the floor, to the face of a seated occupant at flow rates of 3 L/s, 5 L/s and 7 L/s, respectively. The horizontal distance of 0.3 m is designed between DPV air supply opening and occupant face at the height of 1.2m. For all the cases, the floor cooling temperature is set to 20 °C. The vertical air temperature difference at 1.1 m and 0.1 m (ΔT1.1−0.1), the contaminant removal effectiveness (ε) and the draft rate at the occupant face (DRface) are mainly used as evaluation indices to quantify the ventilation effectiveness and thermal comfort effect. According to the results, DPV remarkably decreases ΔT1.1−0.1 with a maximum reduction of 1.79 °C compared to non-DPV case. DPV significantly influences the temperature adjacent to the face at the breathing zone, with a maximum reduction of 4.44 °C from non-DPV case to DPV case. DPV cases also effectively improve ε at breathing region compared to the non-DPV case. The DRface ranges from 9.01% to 21.33% when different flow rates of DPV are used. In summary, the case using DPV flow rate of 5 L/s and at intake height of 0.1 m presented relatively better ventilation effectiveness and thermal comfort environment around the occupant.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Daniel Alejandro Dalgo; Shengwei Zhu; Hui Li; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. Performance analysis of a ductless personalized ventilation combined with radiant floor cooling system and displacement ventilation. Building Simulation 2019, 12, 905 -919.

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Daniel Alejandro Dalgo, Shengwei Zhu, Hui Li, Linhua Zhang, Jelena Srebric. Performance analysis of a ductless personalized ventilation combined with radiant floor cooling system and displacement ventilation. Building Simulation. 2019; 12 (5):905-919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Daniel Alejandro Dalgo; Shengwei Zhu; Hui Li; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. 2019. "Performance analysis of a ductless personalized ventilation combined with radiant floor cooling system and displacement ventilation." Building Simulation 12, no. 5: 905-919.

Articles
Published: 27 March 2019 in Heat Transfer Engineering
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Building thermal inertia and operation control strategies have impacted on the thermal performance of a radiant floor heating system. This study conducts a two-dimensional numerical analysis of an intermittently operated radiant floor heating system using the Re-Normalization Group model with Discrete Ordinates Radiation model. A detailed numerical simulation setups and various analyses are provided, including grid independency analysis, initial condition, time step sizes and external boundary conditions. Three different weekend day intermittent operation strategies are investigated. The results showed that Case 3 designed with pre-heating of 20 h has better performance compared to Case 1 designed with pre-heating of 8 h and Case 2 designed with pre-heating of 14 h. The average indoor air temperature differences of approximate 2.1, 1.6 and 1.2 K are observed for Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3, respectively, when comparing two-time slot at 8:00am on Friday morning and Monday morning. This significantly highlights the effect of thermal inertia and the potential of energy saving due to the utilization of intermittent operation. Therefore, the current study presents numerical simulation potential in evaluating the radiant floor heating effects on indoor thermal environment, taking into account building thermal inertia and transient external climatic conditions.

ACS Style

Linhua Zhang; Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; Moon Keun Kim; Jelena Srebric. A Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis for Thermal Performance of an Intermittently Operated Radiant Floor Heating System in a Transient External Climatic Condition. Heat Transfer Engineering 2019, 41, 825 -839.

AMA Style

Linhua Zhang, Jiying Liu, Mohammad Heidarinejad, Moon Keun Kim, Jelena Srebric. A Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis for Thermal Performance of an Intermittently Operated Radiant Floor Heating System in a Transient External Climatic Condition. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2019; 41 (9-10):825-839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linhua Zhang; Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; Moon Keun Kim; Jelena Srebric. 2019. "A Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis for Thermal Performance of an Intermittently Operated Radiant Floor Heating System in a Transient External Climatic Condition." Heat Transfer Engineering 41, no. 9-10: 825-839.

Articles
Published: 27 March 2019 in Heat Transfer Engineering
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Biodiesel is always blended with petroleum diesel to serve as the transport fuel, to obtain the specific impact of petroleum diesel addition on thermal degradation for biodiesel; in this study, the thermal degradation characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel blends with diesel are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K min−1 in the temperature range of 298 to 873 K. The kinetic parameters of activation energy are calculated based on the iso-conversional method, namely the Friedman method and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, and the reaction order is determined by Avrami theory. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs-free energy are also calculated.

ACS Style

Hui Li; Fengsheng Liu; Shoujun Zhou; Jiying Liu; Zhongjie Wu. Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rapeseed Biodiesel And Its Blends With Petroleum Diesel. Heat Transfer Engineering 2019, 41, 896 -904.

AMA Style

Hui Li, Fengsheng Liu, Shoujun Zhou, Jiying Liu, Zhongjie Wu. Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rapeseed Biodiesel And Its Blends With Petroleum Diesel. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2019; 41 (9-10):896-904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui Li; Fengsheng Liu; Shoujun Zhou; Jiying Liu; Zhongjie Wu. 2019. "Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rapeseed Biodiesel And Its Blends With Petroleum Diesel." Heat Transfer Engineering 41, no. 9-10: 896-904.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Current landscape design within a courtyard usually does not take into account the influence of the tree-planting pattern, which has an important influence on the outdoor microclimate and occupants’ thermal comfort. At present, the extent of the influence on the microclimate has not yet been made clear. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to run this model under hot summer weather conditions. Field measurements validated the performance of the CFD model. This study conducted numerical simulations for five different tree-planting patterns, including (i) focused tree-planting (F), (ii) cornered tree-planting (C), (iii) multi-row tree-planting (R), (iv) surround tree-planting (S) and (v) no tree-planting (N). Our study found that the tree-planting pattern affects both the distribution of air temperature and the degree of local heat transfer. Specifically, the C, S and N patterns allow for higher ventilation in the studied courtyard, while the F and R patterns cause lower wind velocities and associated courtyard ventilation. The average air temperature for the C pattern is lower during summer afternoons than the other patterns. The wind flow pattern in the studied courtyard does not vary significantly with different tree-planting patterns. Nevertheless, the general relative humidity in the courtyard does not vary significantly with different tree-planting patterns, except for the N pattern. A future analysis is needed to investigate the mechanisms of the phenomenon.

ACS Style

Junying Li; Jiying Liu; Jelena Srebric; Yuanman Hu; Miao Liu; Lei Su; Shunchang Wang. The Effect of Tree-Planting Patterns on the Microclimate within a Courtyard. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1665 .

AMA Style

Junying Li, Jiying Liu, Jelena Srebric, Yuanman Hu, Miao Liu, Lei Su, Shunchang Wang. The Effect of Tree-Planting Patterns on the Microclimate within a Courtyard. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junying Li; Jiying Liu; Jelena Srebric; Yuanman Hu; Miao Liu; Lei Su; Shunchang Wang. 2019. "The Effect of Tree-Planting Patterns on the Microclimate within a Courtyard." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1665.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Accurate CFD simulations of urban airflow are of significant importance for a large variety of environmental studies and associated building energy consumption. As a relatively fast and reliable turbulence model compared to Standard k-ε turbulence model (SKE) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), the improved Zero-equation (ZEQ) turbulence model has gained attention to simulate outdoor airflow and contaminant dispersion. This study evaluates the performance of four commonly used ZEQ turbulence models applied to flow around urban environments and analyze their sensitivity and uncertainty for different airflow configurations. These configurations entail airflow around (1) an isolated building, (2) regular blocks, and (3) building complexes. The results show that average computational time for these three turbulence modeling approaches (ZEQ: SKE: LES) scaled approximately to a 1:5:30 ratio, which demonstrated the computational competitiveness of ZEQ as a fast turbulence model for prediction of airflow in urban areas. The comparisons between simulation results and experimental data show that previously developed ZEQ models are slightly faster than the SKE turbulence model and have a slightly inferior performance compared to LES. In summary, the performance of the specified ZEQ turbulence model indicates that this turbulence model is a good fit for outdoor airflow studies.

ACS Style

Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; George Pitchurov; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. An extensive comparison of modified zero-equation, standard k-ε, and LES models in predicting urban airflow. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 40, 28 -43.

AMA Style

Jiying Liu, Mohammad Heidarinejad, George Pitchurov, Linhua Zhang, Jelena Srebric. An extensive comparison of modified zero-equation, standard k-ε, and LES models in predicting urban airflow. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 40 ():28-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiying Liu; Mohammad Heidarinejad; George Pitchurov; Linhua Zhang; Jelena Srebric. 2018. "An extensive comparison of modified zero-equation, standard k-ε, and LES models in predicting urban airflow." Sustainable Cities and Society 40, no. : 28-43.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Building and Environment
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A conventional radiant panel system offers advantages in terms of energy savings; however, compared with an all-air system, it has limitations such as moisture condensation risk, slow air movement, difficult space zoning, slow air pollutants removal from a highly polluted room, and time delay in start-up of the radiant panel system. This research performs an energy consumption analysis of a hybrid radiant cooling system for buildings in summer. The hybrid radiant cooling system combines a typical radiant panel with a decentralized air convector connected in series. The hybrid radiant panel system generates additional cooling output through its air convector, dehumidifies indoor air, increases indoor air movements, and reduces the time delay in start-up and a filter in the air convector removes air pollutants. This study exhibits the energy performance of the hybrid radiant cooling system compared with an all air system and a typical radiant panel system via numerical modeling using experimental data. This hybrid radiant panel system is effective for energy-saving, because it has a higher cooling impact ratio, and larger coefficient of performance of the chiller, and because the air movement increases the offset effect of the operation indoor temperature rise by an enhanced mixed convection effect. Thus it can reduce cooling energy consumption. The hybrid radiant cooling system can be used very effectively for saving energy in the summer season.

ACS Style

Moon Keun Kim; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Shi-Jie Cao. Energy analysis of a hybrid radiant cooling system under hot and humid climates: A case study at Shanghai in China. Building and Environment 2018, 137, 208 -214.

AMA Style

Moon Keun Kim, JiyingLiu(刘吉营), Shi-Jie Cao. Energy analysis of a hybrid radiant cooling system under hot and humid climates: A case study at Shanghai in China. Building and Environment. 2018; 137 ():208-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moon Keun Kim; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Shi-Jie Cao. 2018. "Energy analysis of a hybrid radiant cooling system under hot and humid climates: A case study at Shanghai in China." Building and Environment 137, no. : 208-214.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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With the improvement of people's living standard, people not only pay attention to the indoor environment, but also the outdoor environment. The paper simulated the outdoor wind environment and thermal environment for the building in its design stage, then suggestions are provided for further design stage using a case study in a residential area in Liaocheng, China. SketchUp is used to establish 3D model and PHOENICS is adopted to simulate wind environment and thermal environment. The evaluation criterion mainly utilized Green Building Evaluation Criteria and Urban Residential Area Thermal Environment Design Criteria and ISO7243. Through the analysis of the wind and thermal environment problems, this paper puts forward measures and suggestions to provide reference for the later planning.

ACS Style

Linfang Zhang; Zhenyang Yu; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. The numerical analysis of outdoor wind and thermal environment in a residential area in Liaocheng, China. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018, 121, 052054 .

AMA Style

Linfang Zhang, Zhenyang Yu, Jiying Liu, Linhua Zhang. The numerical analysis of outdoor wind and thermal environment in a residential area in Liaocheng, China. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018; 121 (5):052054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linfang Zhang; Zhenyang Yu; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. 2018. "The numerical analysis of outdoor wind and thermal environment in a residential area in Liaocheng, China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 121, no. 5: 052054.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Mohammad Heidarinejad; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Jelena Srebric. Quantifying the impact of urban wind sheltering on the building energy consumption. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017, 116, 850 -865.

AMA Style

Saber Khoshdel Nikkho, Mohammad Heidarinejad, JiyingLiu(刘吉营), Jelena Srebric. Quantifying the impact of urban wind sheltering on the building energy consumption. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017; 116 ():850-865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Mohammad Heidarinejad; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Jelena Srebric. 2017. "Quantifying the impact of urban wind sheltering on the building energy consumption." Applied Thermal Engineering 116, no. : 850-865.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Linhua Zhang; Linfang Zhang; Ming Jin; Jiying Liu. Numerical Study of Outdoor Thermal Environment in a University Campus in Summer. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 4052 -4059.

AMA Style

Linhua Zhang, Linfang Zhang, Ming Jin, Jiying Liu. Numerical Study of Outdoor Thermal Environment in a University Campus in Summer. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():4052-4059.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linhua Zhang; Linfang Zhang; Ming Jin; Jiying Liu. 2017. "Numerical Study of Outdoor Thermal Environment in a University Campus in Summer." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 4052-4059.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Chunling Qi; Yaxin Helian; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Linhua Zhang. Experiment Study on the Thermal Comfort inside a Car Passenger Compartment. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 3607 -3614.

AMA Style

Chunling Qi, Yaxin Helian, JiyingLiu(刘吉营), Linhua Zhang. Experiment Study on the Thermal Comfort inside a Car Passenger Compartment. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():3607-3614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunling Qi; Yaxin Helian; JiyingLiu(刘吉营); Linhua Zhang. 2017. "Experiment Study on the Thermal Comfort inside a Car Passenger Compartment." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 3607-3614.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Huixin Fang; Wei Wang; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. Operation Analysis of a Compound Air Conditioning System using Measurement and Simulation. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 1454 -1460.

AMA Style

Huixin Fang, Wei Wang, Jiying Liu, Linhua Zhang. Operation Analysis of a Compound Air Conditioning System using Measurement and Simulation. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():1454-1460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huixin Fang; Wei Wang; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. 2017. "Operation Analysis of a Compound Air Conditioning System using Measurement and Simulation." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 1454-1460.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Zhenyang Yu; Shuyu Zhang; Xiaokai Huang; Jiying Liu. Investigation on the Energy Status and Heating in Rural Areas of Shandong Province, China. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 1446 -1453.

AMA Style

Zhenyang Yu, Shuyu Zhang, Xiaokai Huang, Jiying Liu. Investigation on the Energy Status and Heating in Rural Areas of Shandong Province, China. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():1446-1453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyang Yu; Shuyu Zhang; Xiaokai Huang; Jiying Liu. 2017. "Investigation on the Energy Status and Heating in Rural Areas of Shandong Province, China." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 1446-1453.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Ping Cui; Jiying Liu; Wenke Zhang. PREFACE. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 1 -2.

AMA Style

Ping Cui, Jiying Liu, Wenke Zhang. PREFACE. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():1-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Cui; Jiying Liu; Wenke Zhang. 2017. "PREFACE." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 1-2.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Xiaokai Huang; Huixin Fang; Linfang Zhang; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. Preliminary Analysis on the Different Heating Technologies in a Rural Area of Shandong Province, China. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 1461 -1468.

AMA Style

Xiaokai Huang, Huixin Fang, Linfang Zhang, Jiying Liu, Linhua Zhang. Preliminary Analysis on the Different Heating Technologies in a Rural Area of Shandong Province, China. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():1461-1468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaokai Huang; Huixin Fang; Linfang Zhang; Jiying Liu; Linhua Zhang. 2017. "Preliminary Analysis on the Different Heating Technologies in a Rural Area of Shandong Province, China." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 1461-1468.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Mohammad Heidarinejad; Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Jiying Liu; Nicholas Mattise; Jelena Srebric. Quantify Impacts of Local Urban Microclimate on Local Airflow Patterns. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 1983 -1989.

AMA Style

Mohammad Heidarinejad, Saber Khoshdel Nikkho, Jiying Liu, Nicholas Mattise, Jelena Srebric. Quantify Impacts of Local Urban Microclimate on Local Airflow Patterns. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():1983-1989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Heidarinejad; Saber Khoshdel Nikkho; Jiying Liu; Nicholas Mattise; Jelena Srebric. 2017. "Quantify Impacts of Local Urban Microclimate on Local Airflow Patterns." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 1983-1989.