The urban rail transit (URT) system in China has undergone development spanning over 50 years. In the period from 2008 to 2015, numerous URT lines were under construction. After 2015, an increasing number of cities have transitioned to multi-line network operations, with greater emphasis on system efficiency and passenger service. This transition has been accompanied by numerous successful innovations and applications aimed at enhancing system intelligence and automation. This paper provides a review of operational statistics based on annual reports, successful operational practices, and industry development characteristics over the past decade in mainland China. Additionally, suggestions and trends for the further development of URT in China are proposed.

This paper presents a new approach to predict the residual stresses caused by welding in a butt-welded specimen. Based on the developed three-dimensional finite element model, both the process of material filling and the effects of phase transformation are considered through the material properties which depend on both the temperature and temperature history. For simulating the change in volume caused by phase transformation, a linear model is proposed to relate the start temperatures with the peak temperatures. A comparison of the computational and experimental results verifies the applicability of the proposed approach for welding involving material filling and phase transformation. Four models were built to analyze the influence of the material-filling process and phase transformation. The results demonstrated that without the use of material filling process, the residual stress is underestimated. In addition, without phase transformation, the transverse stress in the weld region is underestimated, while the longitudinal and transverse stresses in the weld region and HAZ, respectively, are overestimated.

In this study, the fatigue behavior in high-speed train bogie frames and mounted traction motors was investigated through dynamic stress measurements and vibration analysis. A spectrum synthesis method was developed to integrate multipoint random vibrations from the bogie frame into a unified excitation spectrum for motor fatigue assessment. The results demonstrate that fatigue damage in the bogie frame progresses linearly with increasing speed, with critical stress concentrations being identified at the motor base weld seams (41.4 MPa equivalent stress at 400 km/h). Traction motor vibration spectra were found to deviate substantially from IEC 61373 standards, leading to higher fatigue damage that follows an exponential growth pattern relative to speed increases. The proposed methodology provides direct experimental validation of component-specific fatigue mechanisms under operational loading conditions.

With the continuous development of high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs), vibration issues of vehicles have become increasingly prominent. During operation, the underfloor equipment installed on the carbody is subjected to random multi-point vibrations transmitted from the carbody, inducing significant fatigue damage. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of multi-channel vibration environment data for various underfloor equipment across different operating speeds obtained through on-site measurements. A spectral synthetic method grounded in statistical principles is then proposed to generate vibration environment spectra for diverse underfloor equipment. Finally, utilizing fatigue analysis in the frequency domain, the fatigue damage to underfloor equipment is assessed under different operational environments. The research results show that the vibration environment spectrum of the underfloor equipment in high-speed EMU trains differs significantly from the vibration spectrum specified in the IEC 61373 standard, especially at high frequencies. Despite this difference in spectral characteristics, the overall vibration energy values of the two spectra are comparable. Additionally, the vibration spectra of different underfloor equipment exhibit variations that can be attributed to their installation positions. As operational speed increases, the fatigue damage to the underfloor equipment exhibits exponential growth. However, the total accumulated fatigue damage remains relatively low, consistently staying below a value of 1.