Recently, due to their excellent safety history and potent therapeutic effects, medicinal plants have gained the interest of researchers. Herbal remedies have been utilized for centuries to both prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Flavonoids, among them, contain polyphenols, which are well known for having a wide range of beneficial medical effects. Rutin is Considered as one of the most important flavonoids and valuable phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry. The current study's objective was to evaluate rutin's advantages and disadvantages, utilizing the previously published researches. The pharmacokinetic properties and medical uses of this compound were investigated in details, with an emphasis on new findings, considering its potential relevance to numerous health benefits as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor properties and testicular protective action. However, due to some drawbacks, like low absorption and poor solubility, its medicinal use is restricted. Furthermore, strategies to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of rutin are also suggested in light of its possible therapeutic use in the near future

In this study, we estimated the protective role of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) against obesity-associated testicular dysfunction. Fifty male albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): Group I (basal diet), group II (basal diet plus MOLE orally), group III (high-fat diet—HFD), group IV (HFD plus oral MOLE) and group V (HFD for 8 weeks followed by a basal diet plus oral MOLE for 6 weeks). The study duration extended for 14 weeks. Serum collected to investigate testosterone, FSH and LH levels. Testicular tissues were used to determine levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde. Semen was collected to estimate its quality (morphology, motility and concentration). Morphological changes in the testis were investigated by histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Compared with both control treatment and MOLE treatment, serum testosterone, FSH, LH, testicular enzymatic catalase, SOD, GSH, survivin immunoreactivity, sperm quality and testicular weight were all significantly decreased in rats treated with HFD, while there were significant increases in testicular malondialdehyde and caspase-3 immunoreactivity. MOLE improved all harmful effects of HFD. Improvements were more pronounced in the protected (G 4) than the treated (G 5) group. MOLE could be a potential solution for obesity-associated fertility problem.

Nonylphenol (NPL) is concerned as a substance that may disrupt human endocrine systems. NPL is extensively prevalent in the environment which could disrupt the nervous system, immune system, reproduction. Its high hydrophobicity, makes NPL can withstand environmental conditions for an extended period particularly those in soil. Determining NPL risk depends up on the exposure circumstances including exposure pathways, exposure time, and exposure concentrations. It's critical to comprehend these concerns to evaluate the risk for human. NPL contaminates the environment through soil, and wastewater effluents causing its toxicity. Hence, determining origin, fate and harmful impact of NPL, besides elimination of it appears to be a top priority. NPL can be treated using microbiological and physicochemical techniques. Meanwhile, the fact that microbial techniques are environmentally friendly makes them popular. This review shows NPL toxicity, fate, and the ways for elimination from the environment.

Recently, due to their excellent safety history and potent therapeutic effects, medicinal plants have gained the interest of researchers. Herbal remedies have been utilized for centuries to both prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Flavonoids, among them, contain polyphenols, which are well known for having a wide range of beneficial medical effects. Rutin is Considered as one of the most important flavonoids and valuable phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry. The current study's objective was to evaluate rutin's advantages and disadvantages, utilizing the previously published researches. The pharmacokinetic properties and medical uses of this compound were investigated in details, with an emphasis on new findings, considering its potential relevance to numerous health benefits as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor properties and testicular protective action. However, due to some drawbacks, like low absorption and poor solubility, its medicinal use is restricted. Furthermore, strategies to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of rutin are also suggested in light of its possible therapeutic use in the near future.