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Samy F Mahmoud
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 15 August 2021 in Agriculture
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Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera), are a polyphagous economically destructive pest of several solanaceous crops around the world. Many secondary metabolites are synthesized by different biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi which are capable of inducing systemic resistance in plants against various phytophagous pests. The present laboratory work demonstrated the anti-insect impact of a protein extracted and purified partially from an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) against B. tabaci. Three different concentrations (i.e., 7.43, 11.15, and 22.31 μg mL−1) of this protein were bioassayed to assess its effect on the fecundity rate of B. tabaci on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Furthermore, the possible implication of this fungal protein in defense pathways of cotton plants was evaluated by determining the expression profiles of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways related to major genes through reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR). According to the results, all protein concentrations exerted a significant (F3, 252 = 62.51; p ≤ 0.001) and negative impact on the fecundity rate of B. tabaci females. At the highest protein concentration (22.31 μg mL−1), the minimum rate of fecundity (i.e., 2.46 eggs female−1day−1) of B. tabaci was noted on the seventh day, whereas fecundity rates for the other two protein concentrations (i.e., 11.15 and 7.43 μg mL−1) were, respectively, 3.06 and 3.90 eggs day−1 female−1. The maximum rate of fecundity (6.01 eggs female−1day−1) was recorded in untreated (control) treatments. In addition, the foliar application of L. lecanii derived protein significantly upregulated all SA linked genes (OPR3, PPO1 and COI1) and slightly triggered up the JA linked genes (LOX1, UBQ7 and AOS) in the cotton plants. These findings revealed that this L. lecanii extracted partially purified protein triggered systemic resistance against B. tabaci in the cotton plants, proposing its putative effectiveness as an innovative biological control technique against B. tabaci and other phloem-feeding hemipteran pests. Nevertheless, further investigations such as purification and molecular and functional characterization of this L. lecanii-derived partially purified protein are required.

ACS Style

Yusuf Ali Abdulle; Talha Nazir; Samy Sayed; Samy F. Mahmoud; Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed; Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam; Zubair Iqbal; Muhammad Shahid Nisar; Azhar Uddin Keerio; Habib Ali; Dewen Qiu. Sub-Lethal Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann)-Derived Partially Purified Protein and Its Potential Implication in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Defense against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera). Agriculture 2021, 11, 778 .

AMA Style

Yusuf Ali Abdulle, Talha Nazir, Samy Sayed, Samy F. Mahmoud, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam, Zubair Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid Nisar, Azhar Uddin Keerio, Habib Ali, Dewen Qiu. Sub-Lethal Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann)-Derived Partially Purified Protein and Its Potential Implication in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Defense against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera). Agriculture. 2021; 11 (8):778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yusuf Ali Abdulle; Talha Nazir; Samy Sayed; Samy F. Mahmoud; Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed; Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam; Zubair Iqbal; Muhammad Shahid Nisar; Azhar Uddin Keerio; Habib Ali; Dewen Qiu. 2021. "Sub-Lethal Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann)-Derived Partially Purified Protein and Its Potential Implication in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Defense against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)." Agriculture 11, no. 8: 778.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2021 in Molecules
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New pyridine, pyrazoloyridine, and furopyridine derivatives substituted with naphthyl and thienyl moieties were designed and synthesized starting from 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (1). The chloro, methoxy, cholroacetoxy, imidazolyl, azide, and arylamino derivatives were prepared to obtain the pyridine-C2 functionalized derivatives. The derived pyrazolpyridine-N-glycosides were synthesized via heterocyclization of the C2-thioxopyridine derivative followed by glycosylation using glucose and galactose. The furopyridine derivative 14 and the tricyclic pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine 15 were prepared via heterocyclization of the ester derivative followed by a reaction with formamide. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to in vitro inhibit the CDK2 enzyme. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against four different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549). The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory results revealed that pyridone 1, 2-chloro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)nicotinonitrile (4), 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine (8), S-(3-cyano-6-(naphthaen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl) 2-chloroethanethioate (11), and ethyl 3-amino-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (14) are among the most active inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.57, 0.24, 0.65, 0.50, and 0.93 µM, respectively, compared to roscovitine (IC50 0.394 μM). Most compounds showed significant inhibition on different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) with IC50 ranges of 31.3–49.0, 19.3–55.5, 22.7–44.8, and 36.8–70.7 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC50 40.0, 64.8, 24.7 and 58.1 µM, respectively). Furthermore, a molecular docking study suggests that most of the target compounds have a similar binding mode as a reference compound in the active site of the CDK2 enzyme. The structural requirements controlling the CDK2 inhibitory activity were determined through the generation of a statistically significant 2D-QSAR model.

ACS Style

Adel Abdel-Rahman; Amira Shaban; Ibrahim Nassar; Dina El-Kady; Nasser Ismail; Samy Mahmoud; Hanem Awad; Wael El-Sayed. Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine, Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Anti-Proliferative Activity. Molecules 2021, 26, 3923 .

AMA Style

Adel Abdel-Rahman, Amira Shaban, Ibrahim Nassar, Dina El-Kady, Nasser Ismail, Samy Mahmoud, Hanem Awad, Wael El-Sayed. Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine, Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Anti-Proliferative Activity. Molecules. 2021; 26 (13):3923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Abdel-Rahman; Amira Shaban; Ibrahim Nassar; Dina El-Kady; Nasser Ismail; Samy Mahmoud; Hanem Awad; Wael El-Sayed. 2021. "Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine, Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Anti-Proliferative Activity." Molecules 26, no. 13: 3923.

Original article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Andrologia
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In this study, we estimated the protective role of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) against obesity-associated testicular dysfunction. Fifty male albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): Group I (basal diet), group II (basal diet plus MOLE orally), group III (high-fat diet—HFD), group IV (HFD plus oral MOLE) and group V (HFD for 8 weeks followed by a basal diet plus oral MOLE for 6 weeks). The study duration extended for 14 weeks. Serum collected to investigate testosterone, FSH and LH levels. Testicular tissues were used to determine levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde. Semen was collected to estimate its quality (morphology, motility and concentration). Morphological changes in the testis were investigated by histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Compared with both control treatment and MOLE treatment, serum testosterone, FSH, LH, testicular enzymatic catalase, SOD, GSH, survivin immunoreactivity, sperm quality and testicular weight were all significantly decreased in rats treated with HFD, while there were significant increases in testicular malondialdehyde and caspase-3 immunoreactivity. MOLE improved all harmful effects of HFD. Improvements were more pronounced in the protected (G 4) than the treated (G 5) group. MOLE could be a potential solution for obesity-associated fertility problem.

ACS Style

Mohamed E. Alkafafy; Samy M. Sayed; Ahmed M. El‐Shehawi; Samir El‐Shazly; Samy Farouk; Saqer S. Alotaibi; Doaa A. Madkour; Sahar H. Orabi; Hamed T. Elbaz; Mohamed M. Ahmed. Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract ameliorates the testicular dysfunction resulted from HFD‐induced obesity rat model. Andrologia 2021, 53, e14126 .

AMA Style

Mohamed E. Alkafafy, Samy M. Sayed, Ahmed M. El‐Shehawi, Samir El‐Shazly, Samy Farouk, Saqer S. Alotaibi, Doaa A. Madkour, Sahar H. Orabi, Hamed T. Elbaz, Mohamed M. Ahmed. Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract ameliorates the testicular dysfunction resulted from HFD‐induced obesity rat model. Andrologia. 2021; 53 (8):e14126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed E. Alkafafy; Samy M. Sayed; Ahmed M. El‐Shehawi; Samir El‐Shazly; Samy Farouk; Saqer S. Alotaibi; Doaa A. Madkour; Sahar H. Orabi; Hamed T. Elbaz; Mohamed M. Ahmed. 2021. "Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract ameliorates the testicular dysfunction resulted from HFD‐induced obesity rat model." Andrologia 53, no. 8: e14126.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Agronomy
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Polygonum perfoliatum L. is an aggressive vine, currently invading the Black Sea region, Turkey. However, information about the seed germination biology of this species is scanty. The objective of the current study was to determine the seed germination biology of three naturalized populations of this species. Chemical scarification with 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min followed by cold-wet stratification at 4 °C for 4 weeks effectively released seed dormancy in tested populations. Seeds of all populations required a 12 h photoperiod for the highest germination, while germination under continuous dark and light remained similar. The seeds were able to germinate under a wide range of constant (5–40 °C) and alternating temperatures, pH (3–11), osmotic potential (0 to −1.4 MPa) and salinity (0–500 mM NaCl). However, the peak germination was observed under 20 °C constant and 20/15 °C alternating day/night temperature, and pH 6.8. Seeds of all populations were able to withstand 200 mM salinity and −0.6 MPa osmotic potential. Increasing seed burial depth initially stimulated seedling emergence and then a sharp decline was observed for the seeds buried below >2 cm depth. More than 90% of the seeds were unable to emerge when buried >6 cm depth. Polygonum perfoliatum has a large potential for range expansion; therefore, immediate management of the naturalized populations is warranted. This weed species in agricultural fields can be managed by burying the seeds in deeper soil layers (6 cm), while post-emergence management strategies need to be developed for roadside populations.

ACS Style

Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Ozaslan; Samy Mahmoud; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Milan Skalicky; Ahmed El-Shehawi. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1123 .

AMA Style

Shahid Farooq, Huseyin Onen, Sonnur Tad, Cumali Ozaslan, Samy Mahmoud, Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Milan Skalicky, Ahmed El-Shehawi. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Ozaslan; Samy Mahmoud; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Milan Skalicky; Ahmed El-Shehawi. 2021. "The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1123.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Animals
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Early feeding post-hatching (EFPH) can impact the immune response and modify the immunity-related gene expression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of EFPH with different diets composition versus fasting during the first 72 h of chick’s life on the histomorphological structures of the liver, proventriculus, central and peripheral lymphoid organs, and immunity-related genes in layer-type chicks during the brooding period. A total of 400 chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 4 replicates each. The experimental groups during the first 72 h of life were: feed and water deprivation (control, T1), feeding a starter layer diet (20% CP and 11.84 MJ/kg ME, T2), feeding a starter layer diet contained 3% molasses in its composition (20% CP and 11.81 MJ/kg ME; T3), and feeding a starter broiler diet (23% CP and 12.68 MJ/kg ME, T4). After the first 72 h of chick’s life, all chicks were fed ad libitum the T2 diet. EFPH had no negative effect on the development of the lymphoid or digestive organs in chicks. Greater relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p< 0.05) were observed in the early fed chicks compared to control at day 14 of age. Histomorphological examination revealed an increase (p< 0.05) in thymus cortex and cortex:medulla in the T3 and T4 groups compared to the fasted ones at day 28 of age. Pelicae height, follicular width, cortex, and cortex:medulla of bursa were improved (p< 0.01) in the fed groups compared to fasted chicks, with resultant influences on the primary lymphoid organs. Compared to control, higher germinal center areas and white pulp of the spleen (p< 0.05) were recorded in the early fed chicks, implying augmented proliferation and maturation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. In the liver, a strong positive reaction to Best’s carmine stain in the early fed groups, indicating that the liver of these chicks had numerous glycogen granules or greater glycogen density in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. There was a significant enhancement in the proventriculus mucosal and gland thickness, as well as fold height (p< 0.05) in the early fed chicks. The expression levels of splenic Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin 4, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon gamma were up-regulated (p< 0.01) in most of the early fed chicks (T2, T3, and T4) compared to fasted ones at 14 day of age. In conclusion, EFPH could modify the splenic-immunity related genes and modulate the histomorphology of the digestive (liver and proventriculus) and lymphoid organs in layer-type chicks during the brooding period.

ACS Style

Shaimaa Selim; Nazema Abdel-Megeid; Manal Abou-Elnaga; Samy Mahmoud. Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks. Animals 2021, 11, 1568 .

AMA Style

Shaimaa Selim, Nazema Abdel-Megeid, Manal Abou-Elnaga, Samy Mahmoud. Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaimaa Selim; Nazema Abdel-Megeid; Manal Abou-Elnaga; Samy Mahmoud. 2021. "Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks." Animals 11, no. 6: 1568.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 22 May 2021 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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Background Anhydrous milk fat can be obtained in two forms, ghee and butter oil. These products are made by boiling butter at 110–120°C and melting butter at 60–80°C, respectively, to give them their distinct flavor. Ghee is the most popular fatty dairy product in India and Egypt. Lipid oxidation is a major cause of ghee and butter oil deterioration, affecting their flavor, color, and nutritional value. It has been suggested that natural antioxidants can be used, instead of synthetic antioxidants, to retard lipid oxidation. Objective Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of potato peel, fenugreek seed, and ginger rhizome extracts, to study their effect on reducing lipid oxidation, and to monitor changes of ghee and butter oil qualities during storage. Method Ethanol extracts from potato peel, fenugreek seeds, and ginger rhizomes were prepared. Total phenolic compounds of these extracts were determined and 500 and 1000 ppm of each of these extracts were added to either ghee or butter oil treatments. Results Acid values, peroxide values, and thiobarbituric acid values decreased with the addition of plant extracts to both ghee and butter oil, while they increased during the storage period. Adding 1000 ppm from each extract was more efficient than adding 500 ppm of the same extract. Conclusions Ginger rhizome extract was the most effective in reducing lipid oxidation. Ghee treatments were more stable than corresponding butter oil treatments against lipid oxidation. Highlights This study demonstrates the use of natural antioxidants, instead of synthetic antioxidants, in preserving ghee and butter oil

ACS Style

Samy F Mahmoud; Khamis M K Kebary; Samy A Hussein; Ragb M Badawi; Dalia I Saleh. Improving the Oxidative Stability of Anhydrous Milk Fat by Adding Natural Antioxidant. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Samy F Mahmoud, Khamis M K Kebary, Samy A Hussein, Ragb M Badawi, Dalia I Saleh. Improving the Oxidative Stability of Anhydrous Milk Fat by Adding Natural Antioxidant. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samy F Mahmoud; Khamis M K Kebary; Samy A Hussein; Ragb M Badawi; Dalia I Saleh. 2021. "Improving the Oxidative Stability of Anhydrous Milk Fat by Adding Natural Antioxidant." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Natural and chemical colorants are attracting a lot of attention as sustainable feed additives due to their effect on food color and because presentation matters to consumers. Color also is a major sensory factor that helps consumers determine food quality and its possible health benefits. For example, highly colored egg yolks can only come from healthy laying hens fed a well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet. Consumers associate an intense yolk color with healthy, nutrient-rich food. There is a growing market request for eggs with rich yolk coloring. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of natural (paprika) and chemical (carmoisine) colorant supplementation on the performance, egg-quality characteristics, yolk fatty-acid profile, and blood constituents in laying hens. A total of 240 Bovans laying hens were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments according to four experimental diets: a control diet (without supplementation of any colorants), a control diet supplemented with 4 kg/ton paprika, a control diet supplemented with 150 g carmoisine/ton, and a control diet supplemented with a combination of 4 kg/ton paprika plus 150 g carmoisine/ton, fed from 42 to 54 weeks of age. Each treatment consisted of 10 replications with six hens. Dietary inclusion of paprika colorant improved (p < 0.05) the feed-conversion ratio and egg-production rate, while final body weight, weight change, feed intake, and egg weight and mass were not affected. The degrees of egg yolk and white were increased (p < 0.05) by the dietary supplements. Yolk color and shell thickness were enhanced (p < 0.05) by adding paprika and/or carmoisine colorants. Supplementation of the paprika colorant alone or in combination with carmoisine increased (p < 0.05) linolenic acid, oleic acid, and vitamin E concentrations in egg yolks. In contrast, egg yolk palmitic acid and liver malondialdehyde contents were decreased (p < 0.05). Paprika and carmoisine colorants and their combination improved (p < 0.05) blood lipid profile in treated hens. We concluded that the dietary supplementation of natural (paprika) colorants has an influential role in improving egg yolk color, production performance, and egg yolk fatty-acid profile in laying hens.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Esraa Gawish; Samy F. Mahmoud; Khairy Amber; Wael Awad; Mohammed H. Alzawqari; Mustafa Shukry; Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim. Effect of Natural and Chemical Colorant Supplementation on Performance, Egg-Quality Characteristics, Yolk Fatty-Acid Profile, and Blood Constituents in Laying Hens. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4503 .

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Saleh, Esraa Gawish, Samy F. Mahmoud, Khairy Amber, Wael Awad, Mohammed H. Alzawqari, Mustafa Shukry, Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim. Effect of Natural and Chemical Colorant Supplementation on Performance, Egg-Quality Characteristics, Yolk Fatty-Acid Profile, and Blood Constituents in Laying Hens. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Esraa Gawish; Samy F. Mahmoud; Khairy Amber; Wael Awad; Mohammed H. Alzawqari; Mustafa Shukry; Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim. 2021. "Effect of Natural and Chemical Colorant Supplementation on Performance, Egg-Quality Characteristics, Yolk Fatty-Acid Profile, and Blood Constituents in Laying Hens." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4503.

Full paper
Published: 24 March 2021 in Applied Organometallic Chemistry
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The nanosized supramolecular coordination polymers (SCPs) 3∞[Cu(μ2CN)2]2.(Me3Sn)2.(phen)2], SCP1, and [Cu2(CN)4(Ph3Sn)2(phen)], SCP2, were prepared utilizing self‐assembly method under ultrasonic irradiation. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of SCP1 supports the presence of two anionic [Cu(μ2CN)2]− fragments connected by two (Me3Sn)+ cations, while the two phenanthroline (phen) molecules coordinate to the Cu atoms. The two Cu atoms are crystallographically different, while they are chemically identical forming tetrahedral geometry. The structure of SCP2 was achieved by calculations using DFT (the density functional theory) and spectroscopic studies. The geometries around the Cu atoms adopt triagonal plane and tetrahedral structure. Spectroscopic data, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analytical analysis confirm the chemical formula of SCP2. The nanosized tested compounds 1 and 2 are designed to investigate their action on viability and proliferation of five human cancer cell lines. In addition, 2, 2'‐azino‐bis (3‐ethyl benzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay and rate erythrocyte hemolysis were used to test the antioxidant activity of the nanosized SCP1 and SCP2. Also, the SCP1 and 2 exhibit good antimicrobial activity keeping them as promising drug candidates for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

ACS Style

Dalia I. Saleh; Samy F. Mahmoud; Safaa Eldin H. Etaiw. Nanoscale supramolecular architectures assembly of copper cyanide, organotin, and 1,10‐phenanthroline coordination polymers: Design and biological applications. Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2021, 35, e6247 .

AMA Style

Dalia I. Saleh, Samy F. Mahmoud, Safaa Eldin H. Etaiw. Nanoscale supramolecular architectures assembly of copper cyanide, organotin, and 1,10‐phenanthroline coordination polymers: Design and biological applications. Applied Organometallic Chemistry. 2021; 35 (7):e6247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dalia I. Saleh; Samy F. Mahmoud; Safaa Eldin H. Etaiw. 2021. "Nanoscale supramolecular architectures assembly of copper cyanide, organotin, and 1,10‐phenanthroline coordination polymers: Design and biological applications." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 35, no. 7: e6247.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Animals
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In the present study, fish were exposed to sub-lethal doses of CuONPs (68.92 ± 3.49 nm) (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 50 mg/L) for a long exposure period (25 days). Compared to the control group (0.0 mg/L CuONPs), a significant dose-dependent elevation in blood urea and creatinine values, serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities were evident in CuONPs-exposed groups (p < 0.05). Fish exposure to 50 mg/L CuONPs significantly upregulated the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin 12, and interleukin 8), heat shock protein 70, apoptosis-related gene (caspase 3), and oxidative stress-related (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) genes in liver and gills of the exposed fish in comparison with those in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, varying histopathological injuries were noticed in the hepatopancreatic tissues, posterior kidneys, and gills of fish groups correlated to the tested exposure dose of CuONPs. In summary, our results provide new insights and helpful information for better understanding the mechanisms of CuONPs toxicity in Nile tilapia at hematological, molecular levels, and tissue levels.

ACS Style

Hany Abdel-Latif; Mahmoud Dawood; Samy Mahmoud; Mustafa Shukry; Ahmed Noreldin; Hanan Ghetas; Mohamed Khallaf. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Alter Serum Biochemical Indices, Induce Histopathological Alterations, and Modulate Transcription of Cytokines, HSP70, and Oxidative Stress Genes in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals 2021, 11, 652 .

AMA Style

Hany Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud Dawood, Samy Mahmoud, Mustafa Shukry, Ahmed Noreldin, Hanan Ghetas, Mohamed Khallaf. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Alter Serum Biochemical Indices, Induce Histopathological Alterations, and Modulate Transcription of Cytokines, HSP70, and Oxidative Stress Genes in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hany Abdel-Latif; Mahmoud Dawood; Samy Mahmoud; Mustafa Shukry; Ahmed Noreldin; Hanan Ghetas; Mohamed Khallaf. 2021. "Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Alter Serum Biochemical Indices, Induce Histopathological Alterations, and Modulate Transcription of Cytokines, HSP70, and Oxidative Stress Genes in Oreochromis niloticus." Animals 11, no. 3: 652.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Molecules
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Our present study was designed to investigate the role of both Trichoderma harzianum and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower extract in mutual reaction against growth of Pythium ultimum. In vitro, the activity of chamomile extract was found to reduce the radial growth of Pythium ultimum up to 30% compared to the control. Whereas, the radial growth reduction effect of T. harzianum against P. ultimum reached 81.6% after 120 h. Data also showed the productivity of total phenolics and total flavonoids by T. harzianum, was 12.18 and 6.33 mg QE/100 mL culture filtrate, respectively. However, these compounds were determined in chamomile flower extract at concentrations of 75.33 and 24.29 mg QE/100 mL, respectively. The fractionation of aqueous extract of chamomile flower using HPLC provided several polyphenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, myricetin, rosemarinic acid, catechol, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid and other minor compounds. In vivo, the potentiality of T. harzianum with chamomile flower extract against Pythium pathogen of bean was investigated. Data obtained showed a reduction in the percentage of rotted seed and infected seedling up to 28 and 8%, respectively. Whereas, the survival increased up to 64% compared to other ones. There was also a significant promotion in growth features, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total polyphenols and flavonoids, polyphenol-oxidase and peroxidase enzymes compared to other ones. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies that included the mutual association of fungus, T. harzianum with the extract taken from the chamomile flower against P. ultimum, either in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, the application of both T. harzianum and/or M. chamomilla extracts in the control of bean Pythium pathogen showed significant results.

ACS Style

Abeer Ghoniem; Kamar Abd El-Hai; Ayman El-Khateeb; Noha Eldadamony; Samy Mahmoud; Ashraf Elsayed. Enhancing the Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Pythium Pathogen of Beans Using Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) Flower Extract. Molecules 2021, 26, 1178 .

AMA Style

Abeer Ghoniem, Kamar Abd El-Hai, Ayman El-Khateeb, Noha Eldadamony, Samy Mahmoud, Ashraf Elsayed. Enhancing the Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Pythium Pathogen of Beans Using Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) Flower Extract. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):1178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abeer Ghoniem; Kamar Abd El-Hai; Ayman El-Khateeb; Noha Eldadamony; Samy Mahmoud; Ashraf Elsayed. 2021. "Enhancing the Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Pythium Pathogen of Beans Using Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) Flower Extract." Molecules 26, no. 4: 1178.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Obesity is a worldwide life-threatening metabolic disorder, associated with various chronic diseases, including male infertility. Obesity was induced by high fat diet (HFD), and testis RNA was used for the transcriptome analysis using RNAseq via Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System and NovaSeq 6000 Kit. Gene expression level was estimated as FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads). Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against gene ontology (GO) and KEGG databases. More than 63.66 million reads per sample were performed with 100 bp cutoff and 6 Gb sequencing depth. Results of this study revealed that 267 GO terms (245 biological processes (BP), 14 cellular components (CC), eight molecular functions (MF)), and 89 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Moreover, total numbers of 136 genes were differentially expressed (107 upregulated, 29 downregulated) with |FC| ≥ 2 and bh adjusted <0.05. Interesting DEGs were detected, including obesity and lipid metabolism-related genes, immune response-related genes, cytochrome P450 genes, including aromatase were upregulated, whereas genes related to male fertility and fertilization, cell adhesion, and olfactory receptors were downregulated. The combined expression pattern of the DEGs in obese animals indicated an increase in cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, high aromatase activity enhances the testosterone turnover into estradiol and lowers the testosterone/estradiol (T/E) ratio, which ultimately reduces fertility. In addition, downregulation of cadherens junction components genes leads to the pre-mature release of sperm from Sertoli cells resulting in the reduction of fertility. Moreover, the downregulation of olfactory receptor genes reduces the chemotaxis capacity of sperms in tracking the oocyte for fertilization, which reduces male fertility. Furthermore, various obesity molecular markers were detected in our transcriptome. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular network of obesity development, development of obesity novel molecular diagnosis markers, molecular bases of obesity-induced infertility, and the development of anti-obesity drugs.

ACS Style

Ahmed El-Shehawi; Samir El-Shazly; Mohamed Ahmed; Mohamed Alkafafy; Samy Sayed; Samy Farouk; Saqer Alotaibi; Mona Elseehy. Transcriptome Analysis of Testis from HFD-Induced Obese Rats (Rattus norvigicus) Indicated Predisposition for Male Infertility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6493 .

AMA Style

Ahmed El-Shehawi, Samir El-Shazly, Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Alkafafy, Samy Sayed, Samy Farouk, Saqer Alotaibi, Mona Elseehy. Transcriptome Analysis of Testis from HFD-Induced Obese Rats (Rattus norvigicus) Indicated Predisposition for Male Infertility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (18):6493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El-Shehawi; Samir El-Shazly; Mohamed Ahmed; Mohamed Alkafafy; Samy Sayed; Samy Farouk; Saqer Alotaibi; Mona Elseehy. 2020. "Transcriptome Analysis of Testis from HFD-Induced Obese Rats (Rattus norvigicus) Indicated Predisposition for Male Infertility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6493.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2020 in Foods
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Obesity is a serious global problem that causes predisposition to numerous serious diseases. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ginger water on body weight and energy expenditure through modulation of mRNA expression of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A white colored liquid obtained during freeze-drying of fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinal was collected and named ginger water. It was used to treat rats, then blood and tissue samples were collected from the liver and white adipose at the end of the experiment. The serum was prepared and used for biochemical assays, while tissue samples were used for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ginger water revealed the presence of chrysin and galangin at concentrations of 0.24 µg/mL and 0.53 µg/mL, respectively. Average body weight gain decreased significantly in groups that received ginger water. In addition, both total cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol were reduced in the groups that received ginger water. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) in the liver and leptin in adipose tissues were downregulated, while those of adiponectin, hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT-1), acyl-coA oxidase (ACO), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and pyruvate kinase (PK) were upregulated in ginger water-treated groups. These results clearly revealed the lowering body weight gain effect of ginger water, which most likely occurs at the transcriptional level of energy metabolizing proteins.

ACS Style

Samy Sayed; Mohamed Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Mohamed Alkafafy; Saqer Al-Otaibi; Hanan El-Sawy; Samy Farouk; Samir El-Shazly. Ginger Water Reduces Body Weight Gain and Improves Energy Expenditure in Rats. Foods 2020, 9, 38 .

AMA Style

Samy Sayed, Mohamed Ahmed, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Mohamed Alkafafy, Saqer Al-Otaibi, Hanan El-Sawy, Samy Farouk, Samir El-Shazly. Ginger Water Reduces Body Weight Gain and Improves Energy Expenditure in Rats. Foods. 2020; 9 (1):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samy Sayed; Mohamed Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Mohamed Alkafafy; Saqer Al-Otaibi; Hanan El-Sawy; Samy Farouk; Samir El-Shazly. 2020. "Ginger Water Reduces Body Weight Gain and Improves Energy Expenditure in Rats." Foods 9, no. 1: 38.