Quantitative characteristics of the impact of factors of the production environment (physical, chemical, biological), the severity and intensity of the labor process, their contribution to the deterioration of the health of the working contingent and the development of mechanisms of premature aging can hardly be overestimated. Occupational factors play a leading role among the health risk factors of the labor contingent in the workplace. Their effect on the organism of people engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions can have cumulative effect on the health of workers and cause premature aging of the body, exert an adverse effect on the central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, digestive, excretory, blood, musculoskeletal system, causing psychosomatic, acute and chronic occupational diseases, and poisoning. Long-term chronic “occupational” and domestic stress prevails among the mechanisms that reveal premature aging at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The article analyzes (according to literature sources) the most probable risk factors and mechanisms that trigger the processes of premature aging.

This study analyzes ten-year trends in the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (ENMDs) among children and adolescents (0–17 years) in urban areas of Kazakhstan, considering socio-economic influences. A retrospective analysis of national data from 2013 to 2023 was conducted using linear regression to assess temporal trends and associations with health and economic indicators. Nationally, IDA incidence declined significantly: –278.4 cases per 100,000 among children aged 0–14 and –305.4 among adolescents aged 15–17 (both p < 0.001). ENMD incidence also decreased, particularly among adolescents (–154.0 per 100,000; p < 0.001). A 1000 KZT increase in household food expenditures was associated with a reduction in IDA incidence by 203–216 cases per 100,000 (p < 0.001), emphasizing the importance of accessible, nutritious diets. In contrast, DM incidence among adolescents rose by 1.7 cases annually per 100,000 (p < 0.05), possibly reflecting urbanization, lifestyle changes, and increasing obesity. DM and ENMD rates were significantly linked to consumption expenditures, pediatric bed availability, and endocrinologist density. These findings underscore the need for integrated, equity-focused prevention and improved healthcare access for children and adolescents amid ongoing demographic and nutritional transitions.

Introduction. Contaminants emitted into atmospheric air and tropical to respiratory organs form maximum non-carcinogenic risks in Omsk. Respiratory risk levels over the past 12 years have not dropped below the "high risk" level and ranged from 9.4 to 20 in different years of observation. "Clean Air" Federal project, which is being implemented in Omsk, should be successful not only in terms of reducing harmful emissions, but also contribute to a sustainable reduction in the incidence rate. The study aims to determine the list of pollutants affecting the actual levels of respiratory morbidity of the Omsk population, with the establishment of intracity risk areas. Materials and methods. The study used social-hygienic monitoring data: results of laboratory studies of atmospheric air at stationary stations of Roshydromet, respiratory disease incidence of the Omsk population by age groups for the period 2009-2020. Population health risks were assessed according to health risk assessment methodology applied in case of exposure to chemicals (Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04). Correlation and two-factor variance analyses were used to assess the association between respiratory risks and respiratory disease incidence. Results. Long-term increase in the incidence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in adults and adolescents, unstable rates of asthma in children and dysfunctional health indicators in children under 1 year of age may indicate adverse effects of air-polluting chemicals. High levels of respiratory hazards in Omsk are formed mainly by suspended substances, formaldehyde, carbon (black), hydrogen chloride. The negative impact of these pollutants on the health of Omsk residents was confirmed by spatiotemporal positive connections in the system "respiratory risks - respiratory diseases". Microdistricts with the highest levels of respiratory risks and morbidity of respiratory diseases in children 0-14 years old have been identified on the territory of the city. Conclusion. A list of pollutants emitted in the atmospheric air, affecting the actual levels of respiratory morbidity of the population of Omsk, has been established. Intracity areas of respiratory risk and increased incidence of respiratory diseases in children have been identified. Risk mitigation measures are proposed.

Aim. To provide data on the diagnostic and prognostic value of questionnaire survey for post-COVID-19 syndrome during screening and regular medical check-ups of employees, as well as preventive medical examinations.Material and methods. This single-center cross-sectional comparative study involved 1120 people (92,1% of the general population — all employees of the organization), including 195 men (67,3% of the general population) and 925 women (79,5% of the general population). All participants filled out the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PS) detection questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the QAA-25p Adherence Assessment Questionnaire. Potential adherence to treatment was calculated using the SCOPA software. Statistical processing was performed using tools adapted for medical and biomedical research (Python language; Sklearn, NumPy, Pandas libraries) and Statistica 6.13 (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. As a result, 47% of respondents noted at least one symptom that reduces the quality of life and/or performance efficacy. In all subsamples, women reported symptoms more frequently than men. The most informative indicators associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome are age (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0,042), number of PS symptoms (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0,001), severity of PS symptom (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0,004) and adherence to health care (Kruskal-Wallis H test, p=0,021). An increased level of anxiety is associated with all the analyzed symptoms, depression level with 6 symptoms, age with 5 symptoms, insufficient compliance with 3 symptoms.Conclusion. PS questionnaire should be included in a comprehensive survey program of persons undergoing medical examinations. It is necessary to develop algorithms for the treatment and diagnosis of patients that take into account the number and severity of individual symptoms separately for men and women with consideration to their COVID-19 epidemiological status, as well as age and markers of anxiety, depression, and adherence to treatment.

Introduction: The problem of practical application of recommended methods of processing ambient air pollutant concentra­ tions below the limit of detection in chemical analysis raises uncertainties in human health risk assessment. The Federal Clean Air Project has increased legal significance of the latter and the relevance of interdepartmental cooperation in air monitoring activities. Objective: To review methodological approaches to handling ambient air quality test results and to develop proposals for uncertainty reduction in human health risk assessment. Materials and methods: We analyzed ways of dealing with values of ambient air pollutant concentrations lying below the limit of quantification of various analytical chemistry methods proposed by the European Bureau for Integrated Pollution Preven­ tion and Control and Russian researchers. A human (population) health risk assessment was conducted based on air quality parameters obtained in 2020 within environmental and public health monitoring in the city of Omsk using average concentrations of airborne pollutants measured by different techniques in accordance with national guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04. Results: Different approaches to processing air quality test results produced different average pollutant concentrations accounting for health risk values ranging from the acceptable level to that of concern. Our estimates showed that certain tech­ niques of quantitative chemical analysis of priority air contaminants are inappropriate for the purposes of human health risk assessment. Photometry, for instance, was found unacceptable for measuring ambient concentrations of formaldehyde to assess carcinogenic risks due to unreasonable overestimation of the latter. Conclusions: We have proposed criteria for selecting appropriate methods of air quality testing based on estimated values of the lower limit of quantification of chemicals and for optimizing procedures of processing test results for correct assessment of health risks and harmonization of interdepartmental approaches.