Background: This study investigates the epidemiological trends of autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Kazakhstan from 2016 to 2022.Methods: Utilizing national healthcare databases, we analyzed the incidence and prevalence of childhood autism, atypical autism, and neurodevelopmental disorders across various regions of Kazakhstan.Results: Our findings reveal a nearly fivefold increase in the diagnosis of childhood autism and a fourfold increase in atypical autism over the seven-year period, with both trends showing statistical significance (p < 0.01). However, no significant trend was observed for broader neurodevelopmental disorders. Regional disparities were evident, with northern regions showing higher rates of ASD diagnoses compared to the southern regions, likely influenced by factors such as healthcare infrastructure, urbanization, and environmental pollution. Astana showed a marked increase in childhood autism prevalence, reaching 263.7 per 100,000 children by 2022.Conclusion: Data highlight an important public health trend in Kazakhstan, where the primary incidence of autism spectrum disorders is on the rise, reflecting improved recognition and diagnostic practices.

This study analyzes ten-year trends in the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (ENMDs) among children and adolescents (0–17 years) in urban areas of Kazakhstan, considering socio-economic influences. A retrospective analysis of national data from 2013 to 2023 was conducted using linear regression to assess temporal trends and associations with health and economic indicators. Nationally, IDA incidence declined significantly: –278.4 cases per 100,000 among children aged 0–14 and –305.4 among adolescents aged 15–17 (both p < 0.001). ENMD incidence also decreased, particularly among adolescents (–154.0 per 100,000; p < 0.001). A 1000 KZT increase in household food expenditures was associated with a reduction in IDA incidence by 203–216 cases per 100,000 (p < 0.001), emphasizing the importance of accessible, nutritious diets. In contrast, DM incidence among adolescents rose by 1.7 cases annually per 100,000 (p < 0.05), possibly reflecting urbanization, lifestyle changes, and increasing obesity. DM and ENMD rates were significantly linked to consumption expenditures, pediatric bed availability, and endocrinologist density. These findings underscore the need for integrated, equity-focused prevention and improved healthcare access for children and adolescents amid ongoing demographic and nutritional transitions.

Aim: The purpose of the research is to study trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from arterial hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2019. Materials and Methods: Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the study, a set of methods was used: analytical, graph-analytical, statistical, sociological, clinical and economic analysis, organizational experiment. Results: The survey of 318 hypertension patients highlighted a common profile: hypertensive men aged 45-59, smokers, alcohol drinkers, urban dwellers, married with children, industrially employed, physically active at their country house, and facing stress. Gender differences showed 74.4% of hypertensive women were over 50, while a fifth of men were under 45, with higher risk factors in men: smoking (1.87), alcohol (2.53), occupational hazards (2.76), and harsh climates (2.54). Conclusions: The analysis findings reveal noteworthy trends within the hypertension patient population in Kazakhstan. Despite a decline in hypertension prevalence and initial occurrences, along with reduced relative hospitalization rates between 2010 and 2019, mortality linked to hypertension-related causes and the occurrence of heart attacks have remained relatively steady in recent times.

Background/Objectives: Kazakhstan currently lacks representative data on the actual consumption of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients among students, despite the rising interest in the subject of children’s nutrition. The objective of the study was to assess the actual nutritional status of urban schoolchildren and identify differences depending on demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A 24 h dietary survey was used. The final analytical dataset included 865 children aged 7 to 17 years, representing only the two specified ethnocultural groups. We divided these participants into three groups according to standard age classification: 7 to 10 years, 11 to 14 years, and 15 to 17 years. We calculated the nutrient profile using national and international food composition databases. Results: We found an age-related trend toward increased consumption of fluids, proteins, fats, and several micronutrients. Adolescents (15–17 years) had a higher intake of simple sugars and a lower intake of starch compared to other age groups. Age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors (family income and food expenditure) were statistically significantly associated with BMI and diet composition, with caloric intake and essential nutrient intake increasing with age. Conclusions: The results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions that go beyond school meals, such as controlling the food environment, lowering the availability of ultra-processed foods, boosting the availability of dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, and creating mechanisms for tracking and assessing the efficacy of Kazakhstan’s revised school meal standards.

Article: Influence of endometriosis on mammary glands’ pathology induced by different factors: a pilot study in the republic of Kazakhstan - Minerva Medica 2023 April;114(2):237-9 - Minerva Medica - Journals