Background: Occupational bronchopulmonary diseases (OBPDs)—including pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and occupational COPD—remain a pressing public health issue, especially in regions with intensive mining, metallurgy, and construction industries. Caused by chronic inhalation of fibrogenic dusts, these conditions are often diagnosed at late stages, resulting in irreversible lung damage and diminished work capacity. Methods: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O’Malley framework, with methodological refinements from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and gray literature for publications from 2014 to 2024. After screening 1761 records and full-text review, nine studies were included in the final synthesis, comprising two systematic reviews, two narrative literature reviews, and five observational studies. Results: Key risk factors identified included prolonged exposure to silica and coal dust, tobacco use, and genetic susceptibility. Diagnostic delays were attributed to the underuse of high-resolution CT and exhaled nitric oxide analysis. Several studies highlighted the diagnostic value of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α). Nutritional rehabilitation and polyphenol-enriched herbal therapies were associated with improved respiratory function and quality of life. However, these strategies remain underutilized, particularly in low-resource settings. Conclusions: A coordinated, biomarker-driven approach integrating early diagnosis, dust exposure control, and tailored rehabilitation is urgently needed. Multidisciplinary models may reduce the clinical and socioeconomic burden of OBPDs.

Oxidative stress is a central pathogenic mechanism in acute and chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pulmonary fibrosis. Excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), combined with impaired antioxidant defenses, contributes to epithelial and endothelial injury, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, airway remodeling, and progressive loss of lung function. Plant-derived polyphenols and polyphenol-rich herbal mixtures have emerged as promising candidates for respiratory protection due to their multimodal activity. They exert effects through direct antioxidant action, enhancement of glutathione-dependent and enzymatic defenses, activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppression of NF-κB, MAPK, inflammasome, and profibrotic signaling. Experimental studies have demonstrated protective effects of compounds such as quercetin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and phenolic-rich extracts. However, clinical translation remains limited by poor bioavailability, variability of botanical preparations, lack of standardization, and insufficient high-quality human studies. This review summarizes key mechanisms of oxidative lung injury and critically evaluates the therapeutic potential and translational challenges of herbal polyphenolic mixtures in respiratory diseases.

INTRODUCTION. The profound socio-political and economic changes of the 1990s had a negative impact on people's quality of life and overall health. The constant stress inherent in urbanized society leads to a decline in the functional capabilities of the human body. Developing the health resort complex is a key solution to maintain the population's essential life-support systems and address the challenges associated with urbanization. To better understand the current state of the resort industry in Kazakhstan, it is important to explore its history and development. This will help us understand its characteristics and challenges. AIM. To examine and evaluate the historically significant events in the development of balneology in Kazakhstan, as well as to identify current trends and outlooks for the modernization of the country's resort industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In order to conduct a comprehensive literature review, a range of international electronic databases were consulted, including Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary. The period under review extended from 2014 to 2024, with earlier works of seminal importance also included in the analysis. Literature searches were conducted using comprehensive search strategies that were relevant to the development of Kazakhstani balneology during certain historical periods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The history of health resort treatment in Kazakhstan goes back well beyond the thirty years since the country's independence. This traditional form of therapy is used in various fields of medicine for disease prevention. Sanatoriums and resorts offer a wide range of natural resources, including a unique climate, clean mountain air, mineral waters and therapeutic muds. These elements create exceptional conditions for recovery and improved health. This approach combines traditional medical practices with modern technologies, as well as natural and climatic factors. Although Kazakhstan has a significant recreational potential, the demand for these services is still low. This may be due to the fact that the focus is still on the Soviet-style recreation, which emphasizes social interaction and the state engagement. In the past, the government had to cover significant expenses for running sanatoriums, resorts, and providing recreational services, ensuring restorative care for people. CONCLUSION. The development of resorts in Kazakhstan has undergone significant transformations, starting in the pre-socialist period and continuing into the post-Soviet era of modernization. Thanks to its rich natural resources and government support, as well as private investment, Kazakhstan was able to partially maintain its resort industry. However, the modernization of Kazakhstan's resorts and sanatoriums requires government regulation, followed by optimization and digitalization of the health resort network in order to provide high-quality treatment and recreational services that are accessible to all segments of the population.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible extracellular matrix deposition and high mortality, with aging representing its strongest risk factor. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular senescence is not merely a consequence of tissue injury but a central driver of disease progression. Senescent alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts contribute to impaired tissue repair and persistent fibrotic remodeling through the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which promotes chronic inflammation and amplifies profibrotic signaling. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the role of cellular senescence in IPF, focusing on key molecular mechanisms, including telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, DNA damage response activation, and dysregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. A structured literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify mechanistic, translational, and clinical studies related to cellular senescence in IPF. Relevant studies were selected based on conceptual relevance and scientific quality, and findings were qualitatively synthesized within a narrative-review framework. These interconnected pathways form self-reinforcing feedback loops that stabilize the senescent phenotype and sustain fibroblast activation. In addition, we critically evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting senescence, including senolytic and senomorphic approaches, highlighting their potential to modify fundamental disease mechanisms rather than solely attenuating fibrotic progression. Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that selective targeting of senescent cells may represent a promising avenue for intervention, although challenges related to specificity, safety, and biomarker development remain. Overall, this review positions cellular senescence as a central mechanistic link between aging and fibrosis and underscores its relevance as a translational target in IPF.

The authors put under a general umbrella the organizational problems of individual training among athletes with majors in Qazaq kuresi, justify the need to conduct investigations and medical, biological and pedagogical research for the purpose of scientific and methodological support of training and competitive activities in order to obtain objective data on the functional and physical state of an athlete, the level of his or her physical condition, the reaction of the cardiovascular system to training loads of various muscular power and directions, by applying appropriate portable equipment; the pilot methods for assessing various aspects of athletes’ physical condition, which are of practical use in Qazaq kuresi, are described; data on the standards of physical condition of men and women, who are involved in Qazaq kuresi at the level of the top sport mastery, are presented. The article displays an analysis of the assessment variability for the technical activities of Qazaq kuresi athletes during their participation in a republican sporting competition.

Background. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in children remains a pressing issue in pediatric otolaryngology, characterized by a chronic course, frequent relapses, and the need for repeat surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the surgical technique used for primary removal of pediatric RRP—CO₂ laser, microdebrider, or a combined approach—was associated with clinically documented recurrence and early recurrence within 12 months. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of 53 medical records of children who underwent their first surgery for RRP between 2019 and 2023 was conducted. Three surgical approaches were used: CO₂ laser, microdebrider, and a combined method. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s χ² test, and the strength of association was evaluated with Cramér’s V. Results. The most frequently used method was the CO₂ laser (n = 25), followed by a microdebrider (n = 16), and a combined method (n = 12). During the observation period, disease recurrence was recorded in 35 of 53 patients (66.0%): in 20 children, within the first 12 months after surgery, and in 15, after more than 12 months. No recurrence was documented in the available medical records for 18 patients during the observation period. No statistically significant effect of the surgical treatment method on the recurrence rate (p = 0.813) or the risk of early recurrence (p = 0.926) was found. Also, no significant association was found between the child’s age and either the overall recurrence rate (p = 0.510) or the likelihood of early recurrence (p = 0.217). Conclusions. Within the limitations of this retrospective single-center study, neither the surgical treatment method nor the patient’s age was associated with clinically documented recurrence or early recurrence recorded in the available medical records.